ʻO ke kila kila 317/317L Paipu & Paipu, ASTM A312 UNS S31700/03 Mea Mea Hoʻolako

ʻO ke kila kila 317/317L Pipes & Tubes, ASTM A312 UNS S31700/03 Tubes Mea Hoʻolako Kiʻi Hōʻikeʻike.

ʻO ka wehewehe pōkole:

Liaocheng Sihe SS Material Co., Ltd.He mea hana nui i nā huahana e pili ana i ke kila kila, a ʻo SS 317/317L nā paipu liʻiliʻi kekahi o nā ʻano.ʻIke ʻia lākou no ko lākou ikaika a me ka pololei dimensional.E like me ka noi a ka mea kūʻai aku ma ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, ʻo ke ʻano ʻāina a me ke ao holoʻokoʻa o nā mea maka no ke kila ke hāʻawi nei i kēia mau paipu SS 317l i nā ʻano nui a me ka mānoanoa.

E hoʻouna i ka leka uila iā mākou

Huahana Huahana

Kūleʻa ʻo Kuhili ʻole 304 Coil Tubes i ka chloride ion stress corrosion cracking, high clean clean corrosion cracking, wai a me caustic corrosion.No laila, he mea kūpono kēia ʻano alloy no nā ʻāpana umu, kemika a me ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka ʻenehana nuklea a me nā electrodes spark.Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma nā mahana haʻahaʻa.I ka hoʻoholo ʻana ma waena o nā ʻāpana like ʻole ʻelua, ke kumukūʻai, ka mahana a me ka ikaika ka mea nui loa ma ʻaneʻi ma Stainless Steel 304L Coil Tubes.Inā makemake ʻia kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi akā ikaika, ʻo ia paha ke ala e hele ai.Inā makemake ʻia kahi ʻāpana ea koʻikoʻi me nā koi wela kiʻekiʻe a laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka alloy no ka noi.Loaʻa iā ia kahi kumu chromium-nickel a pale i ka corrosion.He mea kūpono kēia i nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi me ke kaomi a me ka wela.

No ka laʻana, e lilo lākou i ka pae ductile loa o ke kila, akā ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kēia papa martensitic akā haʻahaʻa ka pale corrosion.ʻOi aku ka nui o ka nui o ka ʻano o ka palaoa i hāʻawi iā lākou i kēia mau waiwai i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hale wili liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i nā kila martensitic.He hui like ʻole ia i loaʻa mai ka ʻoki kīhini a hiki i nā noi ʻenekinia, biomedical a me nā noi hoʻomākaukau meaʻai.He ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka corrosion a me ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe.

NUI KULA KULA KULA

Kūlana	ʻO ASTM A213 (Papa Awelika) a me ASTM A269
ʻO ka ʻili ʻili ʻili ʻili ma waho ke anawaena	1/16" a hiki i 3/4"
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka paipu huila kuhili ʻole	.010″ ma o .083”
Nā Papa Hoʻopaʻa ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi Kuhili ʻole	SS 201, SS 202, SS 304, SS 304L, SS 309, SS 310, SS 316, SS 316L, SS 317L, SS 321, SS 347, SS 904L
Nui Rnage	5/16, 3/4, 3/8, 1-1/2, 1/8, 5/8, 1/4, 7/8, 1/2, 1, 3/16 iniha
ʻoʻoleʻa	Micro a me Rockwell
Hoʻomanawanui	D4/T4
Ka ikaika	Puka a me ka Tensile

NA PAPA KUHIKUHI O NA PAPA PALAPALA STEEL

KUMU	WERKSTOFF NR.	UNS	JIS	BS	GOST	AFNOR	EN
SS 304	1.4301	S30400	SUS 304	304S31	08Х18Н10	Z7CN18-09	X5CrNi18-10
SS 304L	1.4306 / 1.4307	S30403	SUS 304L	3304S11	03Х18Н11	Z3CN18-10	X2CrNi18-9 / X2CrNi19-11
SS 310	1.4841	S31000	SUS 310	310S24	20Ch25N20S2	–	X15CrNi25-20
SS 316	1.4401 / 1.4436	S31600	SUS 316	316S31 / 316S33	–	Z7CND17-11-02	X5CrNiMo17-12-2 / X3CrNiMo17-13-3
SS 316L	1.4404 / 1.4435	S31603	SUS 316L	316S11 / 316S13	03Ch17N14M3 / 03Ch17N14M2	Z3CND17-11-02 / Z3CND18-14-03	X2CrNiMo17-12-2 / X2CrNiMo18-14-3
SS 317L	1.4438	S31703	SUS 317L	–	–	–	X2CrNiMo18-15-4
SS 321	1.4541	S32100	SUS 321	–	–	–	X6CrNiTi18-10
SS 347	1.4550	S34700	SUS 347	–	08Ch18N12B	–	X6CrNiNb18-10
SS 904L	1.4539	N08904	SUS 904L	904S13	STS 317J5L	Z2 NCDU 25-20	X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5

SS COIL TUBE KEMIKAL COMPOSITION

Papa		C	Mn	Si	P	S	Cr	Mo	Ni	N	Ti	Fe
SS 304 Coil Paipu	min.						18.0		8.0
SS 304 Coil Paipu	max.	0.08	2.0	0.75	0.045	0.030	20.0		10.5	0.10
SS 304L Paipu Coil	min.						18.0		8.0
SS 304L Paipu Coil	max.	0.030	2.0	0.75	0.045	0.030	20.0		12.0	0.10
SS 310 Coil Paipu		0.015 ka nui	2 max	0.015 ka nui	0.020 ka nui	0.015 ka nui	24.00 26.00	0.10 ka nui	19.00 21.00	54.7 min
SS 316 Coil Paipu	min.						16.0	2.03.0	10.0
SS 316 Coil Paipu	max.	0.035	2.0	0.75	0.045	0.030	18.0	2.03.0	14.0
SS 316L Coil Paipu	min.						16.0	2.03.0	10.0
SS 316L Coil Paipu	max.	0.035	2.0	0.75	0.045	0.030	18.0	2.03.0	14.0
SS 317L Paipu Coil		0.035 ka nui	2.0 ka nui	1.0 ka nui	0.045 ka nui	0.030 ka nui	18.00 20.00	3.00 4.00	11.00 15.00			57.89 min
SS 321 Coil Paipu		0.08 ka nui	2.0 ka nui	1.0 ka nui	0.045 ka nui	0.030 ka nui	17.00 19.00		9.00 12.00	0.10 ka nui	5(C+N) 0.70 ka nui
SS 347 Paipu Coil		0.08 ka nui	2.0 ka nui	1.0 ka nui	0.045 ka nui	0.030 ka nui	17.00 20.00		9.0013.00
SS 904L Coil Paipu	min.						19.0	4.00	23.00	0.10
SS 904L Coil Paipu	max.	0.20	2.00	1.00	0.045	0.035	23.0	5.00	28.00	0.25

NA WAIWAI MECHANICAL COIL STEEL STEEL

Papa	ʻO ka mānoanoa	Lae hehee	Ikaika U'i	Ka ikaika o ka hua (0.2%offset)	ʻO ka lōʻihi
SS 304/ 304L Paipu Coil	8.0 g/cm3	1400 °C (2550 °F)	Psi 75000, MPa 515	Psi 30000, MPa 205	35 %
SS 310 Coil Paipu	7.9 g/cm3	1402 °C (2555 °F)	Psi 75000, MPa 515	Psi 30000, MPa 205	40 %
SS 306 Paipu Coil	8.0 g/cm3	1400 °C (2550 °F)	Psi 75000, MPa 515	Psi 30000, MPa 205	35 %
SS 316L Paipu Coil	8.0 g/cm3	1399 °C (2550 °F)	Psi 75000, MPa 515	Psi 30000, MPa 205	35 %
SS 321 Paipu Coil	8.0 g/cm3	1457 °C (2650 °F)	Psi 75000, MPa 515	Psi 30000, MPa 205	35 %
SS 347 Paipu Coil	8.0 g/cm3	1454 °C (2650 °F)	Psi 75000, MPa 515	Psi 30000, MPa 205	35 %
SS 904L Paipu Coil	7.95 g/cm3	1350 °C (2460 °F)	Psi 71000, MPa 490	Psi 32000, MPa 220	35 %

KA nui o na paipu wili wili ole

NUI	OD	PAPA	AVG.LOA(WAE) +/-
.125″ OD X .035″ W	0.125	0.035	6,367
.250″ OD X .035″ W	0.250	0.035	2,665
.250″ OD X .035″ W (15 Ra Max)	0.250	0.035	2,665
.250″ OD X .049″ W	0.250	0.049	2,036
.250″ OD X .065″ W	0.250	0.065	1,668
.375″ OD X .035″ W	0.375	0.035	1,685
.375″ OD X .035″ W (15 Ra Max)	0.375	0.035	1,685
.375″ OD X .049″ W	0.375	0.049	1,225
.375″ OD X .065″ W	0.375	0.065	995
.500″ OD X .035″ W	0.500	0.035	1,232
.500″ OD X .049″ W	0.500	0.049	909
.500″ OD X .049″ W (15 Ra Max)	0.500	0.049	909
.500″ OD X .065″ W	0.500	0.065	708
.750″ OD X .049″ W	0.750	0.049	584
.750″ OD X .065″ W	0.750	0.065	450
6 MM OD X 1 MM W	6mm	1mm	2,610
8 MM OD X 1 MM W	8mm	1mm	1,863
10 MM OD X 1 MM W	10mm	1mm	1,449
12 MM OD X 1 MM W	12mm	1mm	1,188

SS 304 / 316 Māhele Mawaho Anawaena (OD)	Mānoanoa Pā
1/8” – 3/4”	0.5mm – 4mm
1/16” – 3/4”	0.5mm – 4mm

SS 304/304L WELDED COILED TUBE NUI PAPA

OD	Pā	ID
1/8”	.020	.085
(.1250”)	.035	.055
1/4”	.035	.180
(.2500”)
5/16”	.035	.243
(.3125”)
3/8”	.035	.305
(.3750”)
1/2”	.035	.430
(.5000”)	.049	.402
3/4”	.049	.652
(.7500”)

316/316L KA NUI O NA PALAPALA KOI OLE

SS 316 / 316L ka nui o ka paipu huila ʻole			SS 316 / 316L Welded Coil Tube Size
OD	Pā	ID	OD	Pā	ID
1/16”	.010	.043	1/8”	.020	.085
(.0625”)	.020	.023	(.1250”)	.028	.069
1/8”	.035	.055		.035	.055
(.1250”)			1/4”	.020	.210
1/4”	.035	.180	(.2500”)	.028	.194
(.2500”)	.049	.152		.035	.180
	.065	.120		.049	.152
3/8”	.035	.305	3/8”	.035	.305
(.3750”)	.049	.277	(.3750”)	.049	.277
	.065	.245	1/2”	.035	.430
1/2”	.035	.430	(.5000”)	.049	.402
(.5000”)	.049	.402	5/8”	.049	.527
	.065	.370	(.6250”)
5/8”	.035	.555	3/4”	.035	.680
(.6250”)	.049	.527	(.7500”)	.049	.652
3/4”	.035	.680		.065	.620
(.7500”)	.049	.652		.083	.584
	.065	.620
	.083	.584
	.109	.532

HOOLAHA MANOANOANOA O KA PAPA KOIL

Nominal pā mānoanoa pākaukau ho'ohālike no ka 'ole kila kila (ASME B36.10 & B36.19)
DNmm	DNin	φmm	SCH10S	SCH40S	Sch40
6	1/8	10.3	1.24	1.73	1.73
8	1/4	13.7	1.65	2.24	2.24
10	3/8	17.1	1.65	2.31	2.31
15	1/2	21.3	2.11	2.77	2.77
20	3/4	26.7	2.11	2.87	2.87
25	1	33.4	2.77	3.38	3.38
32	1 1/4	42.2	2.77	3.56	3.56
40	1 1/2	48.3	2.77	3.68	3.68
50	2	60.3	2.77	3.91	3.91
65	2 1/2	76	3.05	5.16	5.16
80	3	88.9	3.05	5.49	5.49
90	3 1/2	101.6	3.05	5.74	5.74
100	4	114.3	3.05	6.02	6.02
125	5	141.3	3.4	6.55	6.55
150	6	168.3	3.4	7.11	7.11
200	8	219.1	3.76	8.18	8.18
250	10	273	4.19	9.27	9.27
300	12	323.8	4.57	9.53	10.31
350	14	355.6	4.78		11.13
400	16	406.4	4.78		12.7
450	18	457	4.78		14.27
500	20	508	5.54		15.09
550	22	559	5.54
600	24	610	6.35		17.48
650	26	660
700	28	711
750	30	762	7.92
800	32	813			17.48
850	34	864			17.48
900	36	914			19.05

SS COIL TUBE PAPA PALAPALA

Paipu wiliwili kila
NB NUI	SCH 5	SCH 10	SCH 40	SCH 80	SCH 160
1/8″
1/4″
3/8″
1/2″
3/4″
1″
1 1/4″
1 1/2″
2″
2 1/2″
3″
4″
5″
6″

NUI PAUMI PIHA PALAPALA STEEL

AVE.INIHA PAPU	IKAIKA HUA MUNA (PSI)	IKAIKA ʻIMI TENSILE (PSI)	KA PAHI KUMU KUMU * (PSI)	PUI HANA (PSI) 25% O PAHU	NUI HUA KUMU ** (PSI)	PILI PILI *** (PSI)
0.250	0.020	30,000	75,000	14,286	3,571	5,714	4,416
0.250	0.028	30,000	75,000	21,649	5,412	8,660	5,967
0.250	0.035	30,000	75,000	29,167	7,292	11,667	7,224
0.250	0.049	30,000	75,000	48,355	12,089	19,342	9,455
0.250	0.065	30,000	75,000	81,250	20,313	32,500	11,544
0.375	0.020	30,000	75,000	8,955	2,239	3,582	3,029
0.375	0.028	30,000	75,000	13,166	3,292	5,266	4,145
0.375	0.035	30,000	75,000	17,213	4,303	6,885	5,077
0.375	0.049	30,000	75,000	26,534	6,634	10,614	6,816
0.375	0.065	30,000	75,000	39,796	9,949	15,918	8,597
0.500	0.020	30,000	75,000	6,522	1,630	2,609	2,304
0.500	0.028	30,000	75,000	9,459	2,365	3,784	3,172
0.500	0.035	30,000	75,000	12,209	3,052	4,884	3,906
0.500	0.049	30,000	75,000	18,284	4,571	7,313	5,304
0.500	0.065	30,000	75,000	26,351	6,588	10,541	6,786
0.500	0.083	30,000	75,000	37,275	9,319	14,910	8,307
0.625	0.020	30,000	75,000	5,128	1,282	2,051	1,859
0.625	0.028	30,000	75,000	7,381	1,845	2,953	2,568
0.625	0.035	30,000	75,000	9,459	2,365	3,784	3,172
0.625	0.049	30,000	75,000	13,947	3,487	5,579	4,335
0.625	0.065	30,000	75,000	19,697	4,924	7,879	5,591
0.625	0.083	30,000	75,000	27,124	6,781	10,850	6,910
0.625	0.095	30,000	75,000	32,759	8,190	13,103	7,734
0.625	0.109	30,000	75,000	40,172	10,043	16,069	8,639
0.750	0.028	30,000	75,000	6,052	1,513	2,421	2,156
0.750	0.035	30,000	75,000	7,721	1,930	3,088	2,669
0.750	0.049	30,000	75,000	11,273	2,818	4,509	3,664
0.750	0.065	30,000	75,000	15,726	3,931	6,290	4,749
0.750	0.083	30,000	75,000	21,318	5,330	8,527	5,905
0.750	0.095	30,000	75,000	25,446	6,362	10,179	6,637
0.750	0.109	30,000	75,000	30,733	7,683	12,293	7,453
0.750	0.120	30,000	75,000	35,294	8,824	14,118	8,064
0.875	0.020	30,000	75,000	3,593	898	1,437	1,340
0.875	0.028	30,000	75,000	5,128	1,282	2,051	1,859
0.875	0.035	30,000	75,000	6,522	1,630	2,609	2,304
0.049	30,000	75,000	9,459	2,365	3,784	3,172
0.875	0.065	30,000	75,000	13,087	3,272	5,235	4,126
0.875	0.083	30,000	75,000	17,560	4,390	7,024	5,152
0.875	0.095	30,000	75,000	20,803	5,201	8,321	5,807
0.875	0.109	30,000	75,000	24,886	6,221	9,954	6,543
0.875	0.120	30,000	75,000	28,346	7,087	11,339	7,100
1.000	0.028	30,000	75,000	4,449	1,112	1,780	1,633
1.000	0.035	30,000	75,000	5,645	1,411	2,258	2,027
1.000	0.049	30,000	75,000	8,149	2,037	3,259	2,796
1.000	0.065	30,000	75,000	11,207	2,802	4,483	3,647
1.000	0.083	30,000	75,000	14,928	3,732	5,971	4,567
1.000	0.095	30,000	75,000	17,593	4,398	7,037	5,159
1.000	0.109	30,000	75,000	20,908	5,227	8,363	5,827
1.000	0.120	30,000	75,000	23,684	5,921	9,474	6,336
1.000	0.134	30,000	75,000	27,459	6,865	10,984	6,963
1.250	0.035	30,000	75,000	4,449	1,112	1,780	1,633
1.250	0.049	30,000	75,000	6,380	1,595	2,552	2,260

SS COILED TUBES TOLERANCE

OD Hoomanawanui	+0.005/-0 in.
ʻoʻoleʻa	ʻO 80 HRB kiʻekiʻe loa (Rockwell)
Mānoanoa Pā	±10%
Kemika	Min.2.5% Molybdenum

PALAPALA PALAPALA PALAPALA PALAPALA PALAPALA I LOA NA PALAPALA & STOCKS

EN X5CrNi18-10 Paipu Coil
AFNOR Z3CND17-11-02 Paipu Coil
SS UNS S31000 Coil Tubing
SS UNS S20200 Coil Tube Manufacturer
OD 4 – 30 mm Paipu wili
1/2 iniha SS Coiled Tube Mea Hoʻolako
Mea kūʻai kiʻekiʻe SS Coil Tube
BS 316S31 SS Coil Tubes Mea lako
1/2″ NB i ka mānoanoa o ka SS Coil Tube
SS Grade 309 Coil Tube mea hoʻolako
Mea Manufacturer Mirror Polished Coil Tube
Hōʻike 10 ʻO ka ʻili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia
SS 304 Tube Air To Water Coil Coil
316 Welded Coil Tube Weight no ka mika
SS UNS S31703 Mea Hana Paipu Uila
Mea kūʻai aku i nā mea kūʻai aku i nā mea kūʻai aku
TP304L Paipu Kuhili ʻole
Puka Puka Puka Puka Wela
304L mea kūʻai aku i nā mea kūʻai aku
304 Mea Hoʻolako ʻia nā mea kūʻai mai i nā mea kūʻai aku
317L Paipu Kuhili ʻole
Paipu wiliwili kila
ʻAno 304 mea kūʻai mai ka mea kūʻai aku
SS UNS N08904 Paipu Coil
DIN 1.4306 Nā Paipu Hoʻopili
Hōʻike 80 ʻAi ʻAi ʻAi Kūleʻa
ʻO ke kila kila 310 Coil Tubing
Kuhili 'ole
316 SS Coil Tube Mea Hana
316 Paipu Kulehua Coil
Mea hoopuka aku i na paipu wili wili ole
UNS S32100 Coil Tubing
INOX 1.4550 Coil Tubing Manufacturer
Mea Manufacturer Tube Coil Stainless Steel
Pahu hao wiliwili 316
TP304L SS Coil Tubes Mea Hoʻolako
DIN 1.4307 Coil Tube Mea Hoʻolako
SS Coil Tubing Mea hoolako ma Inia
UNS N08904 Mea Hoʻolako Tube Coiled
UNS S20100 Coil Tube
SS Metric Coil Tubes
1 iniha Coil paipu mea lako
TP 304L SS Coil Paipu
SUS 304 Paipu Coil
SUS 321 Mea Hoʻolako ʻia nā Paipu wili
BS 3304S11 Paipu Coil Kuiliahi
3/4 'īniha Coil Tubes Mea Hoʻolako
SS 202 Coil Tubes Supplier
304 Paipu Kulehua Coil
304 Mea Hoʻolako Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūleʻa Coil Tubing
ʻO nā paipu huila SS i hoʻohuihui ʻia
TP316/316L mau paipu huila hao
SS Papa 304 Paipu wili
Sch 5 Mea kūʻai mai ka mea hoʻolako i nā paipu huila kuhili ʻole
GOST 03Ch17N14M3 SS Coil Tube
GOST 08Х18Н10 Paipu Coil
SS 304L Coil Tube mea kūʻai aku ma India

Mea hoopuka aku i ka wili hao hao
SS 316 Cold Drawn Coil Tube Supplier
SS 310 mea hoʻolako i nā paipu wili
TP304 Paipu Kulehua Coil
2/4″ mea kūʻai mai ka mea kūʻai aku i nā paipu huila kuhili ʻole
304 1/2 ʻīniha ʻīniha kuhili ʻole
UNS S30400 Coil Tube
TP304 Paipu Kulehua Coil
UNS S34700 Coil Tube
904L Kuhili ʻole hao ʻili paipu
WERKSTOFF NR.1.4438 Paipu Coil
EN X2CrNiMo17-12-2 Paipu Coil
UNS S30403 Coil Tubing Mea Hoʻolako
S309 Puka Puka Puka Kuhili ʻole
BS 310S24 Tube Coil
SS 201 Coil Tubes Manufacturer in India
EN X15CrNi25-20 Paipu Coil
Hōʻike 40 SS Coil Tube Mea kūʻai
SUS 310 SS nā paipu huila
Na Paipu Coil Seamless Steel
DIN 1.4539 Paipu Coil Seamless
ʻO nā paipu hao hao ʻole
Kiʻekiʻe ʻO SS Coil Round Tube
SS 202 Coil Tubes Supplier
OD 42 – 50 mm SS Coil Tubes Mea Hoʻolako
AFNOR Z2 NCDU 25-20 Paipu Coil
JIS STS 317J5L Paipu Coil
904L Kuhili ʻole hao ʻili paipu
WERKSTOFF NR.1.4301 Paipu Coil
EN X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 Coil Tube Mea Hoʻolako
SS Coil Tubes Section
316L kuhiliʻole hao hao paipu
UNS N08904 Coil Tubing Mea Hoʻolako
304 SS Coil Tubes Manufacturer
GOST 20Ch25N20S2 Paipu Coil
Pahu hao hao 201
Austenitic Stainless Steel Coil Tubing
Weled 304L Coil Tube
316 Mea kūʻai mai nā paipu huila SS maʻemaʻe
Kiʻekiʻe Kūleʻa Kūleʻa Paipu Coil
SS Coil Tubing Stockists ma Inia
BS 304S31 Coil Tubing Mea Hoʻolako
Pahu hao wiliwili 316L
316 Paipu Kulehua Coil
Hōʻike 80 ʻO nā paipu huila kila kila
SS 904L Coil Tube Exporter
SS Coil Tubing Mea hoolako
EN X2CrNi18-9 Coil Tubes Mea Hoʻolako
WNR.1.4541 Paipu Coil Welded
316 Paipu Kulehua Coil
Mea Manufacturer Tube Coil Stainless Steel
316L kuhiliʻole hao hao paipu
EN X2CrNiMo18-14-3 Paipu Coil
Hōʻike 80 SS Coil Tubing Mea kūʻai
SUS 316L Coil Tube Mea Hoʻolako
DIN.1.4404 Mea Hana Paipu Coil
OD 80 mm Type 317L SS Coil Tube

NA KUMUKUAI HOU O NA PALAPALA COIL STEEL

Hiki iā mākou ke hāʻawi aku i ka Stainless Steel Coil Tube ma nā kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū loa.Hiki iā ʻoe ke leka uila iā mākou majackson@shstainless.come kiʻi i ka papa inoa kumukūʻai hou loa o SS Coiled Tubing.Hāʻawi mākou i nā kumukūʻai maikaʻi loa no nā ʻano Tubes āpau.