Hoʻohana nā laina hydraulic kuʻuna i nā hopena flared hoʻokahi, maʻamau i hana ʻia i nā kūlana SAE-J525 a i ʻole ASTM-A513-T5, he paʻakikī ke loaʻa ma ka home.Hiki i nā OEM e ʻimi ana i nā mea hoʻolako hale ke hoʻololi i ka paipu i hana ʻia i ka kikoʻī SAE-J356A a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā sila alo O-ring e like me ka hōʻike ʻana.He laina hana maoli.
Manaʻo o ka Luna Hoʻoponopono: ʻO kēia ʻatikala ka mea mua ma kahi pūʻulu ʻelua ʻāpana ma ka mākeke a me ka hana ʻana i nā laina hoʻoili wai no nā noi kiʻekiʻe.Kūkākūkā ka māhele mua i ke kūlana o nā waihona lako hale a me nā haole no nā huahana maʻamau.Kūkākūkā ka ʻāpana ʻelua i nā kikoʻī o nā huahana kuʻuna liʻiliʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia ma kēia mākeke.
ʻO ka maʻi maʻi maʻi COVID-19 ka mea i hoʻololi ʻole ʻia i nā ʻoihana he nui, e komo pū ana me nā kaulahao paipu kila a me nā kaʻina hana paipu.Mai ka hopena o 2019 a hiki i kēia manawa, ua hoʻololi nui ka mākeke paipu kila i nā hana ʻelua a me nā hana logistic.ʻO kahi nīnau lōʻihi i waena o ka manaʻo.
I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ma mua o ka wā.He pilikia kanaka ka maʻi maʻi a ua hoʻololi ke koʻikoʻi o ke olakino i ke kaulike ma waena o ka hana, ke ola pilikino a me ka leʻaleʻa no ka hapa nui, inā ʻaʻole āpau.Ua emi iho ka nui o na limahana akamai ma muli o ka hoomaha ana, ka hiki ole o kekahi mau limahana ke hoi i ka lakou hana kahiko a i ole e imi i kahi hana hou ma ia oihana hookahi, a me na mea e ae he nui.I nā lā mua o ka maʻi ahulau, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā limahana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā ʻoihana e hilinaʻi nei i nā hana mua, e like me ka mālama olakino a me nā hale kūʻai, ʻoiai ʻo nā limahana hana i ka hoʻomaha a i ʻole i hōʻemi nui ʻia kā lākou mau hola hana.Ke pilikia nei nā mea hana i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā limahana, me ka poʻe ʻoihana mea kanu paipu mākaukau.ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka paipu he hana polū polū e koi ana i ka hana paʻakikī i kahi ea ʻole.E hoʻohana i nā lako pale pilikino hou (e like me nā masks) e hoʻēmi i ka maʻi a hahai i nā lula hou e like me ka mālama ʻana i kahi mamao 6-kapuaʻi.ʻO ka mamao laina mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, e hoʻohui i ke koʻikoʻi i kahi hana koʻikoʻi.
Ua hoʻololi pū ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kila a me ke kumukūʻai o ke kila kila i ka wā maʻi maʻi.ʻO ke kila ka mea pipiʻi loa no ka nui o nā paipu.ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ke kila he 50% o ke kumukūʻai no kēlā me kēia wāwae laina o ka pipeline.E like me ka hapaha ʻehā o 2020, ʻo ke kumu kūʻai ʻekolu makahiki o ke kila i ʻōwili ʻia i loko o ka hale ma US ma kahi o $800 i hoʻokahi ton.Ke hele nei nā kumukūʻai ma luna o ka hale a he $2,200 no ka ton ma ka hopena o 2021.
ʻO kēia mau mea ʻelua wale nō e loli i ka wā maʻi maʻi, pehea ka hopena o nā mea pāʻani i ka mākeke paipu?He aha ka hopena o kēia mau hoʻololi i ke kaulahao hoʻolako paipu, a he aha ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo maikaʻi no ka ʻoihana i kēia pilikia?
I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hōʻuluʻulu kahi luna wili paipu akamai i ke kuleana o kāna hui ma ka ʻoihana: "Eia mākou e hana ai i ʻelua mau mea: hana mākou i nā paipu a kūʻai aku mākou."He nui ka poʻe e hoʻopiʻi i ka waiwai nui o ka ʻoihana a i ʻole kahi pilikia pōkole (a i ʻole kēia mau mea a pau i ka manawa like, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau).
He mea nui ka loaʻa a mālama ʻana i ka mana ma ka nānā ʻana i ka mea nui loa: nā mea e pili ana i ka hana ʻana a me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā paipu maikaʻi.Inā ʻaʻole pili ka ʻoihana i kēia mau hana ʻelua, ʻo ia ka manawa e hoʻi ai i nā kumu kumu.
I ka laha ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi, ua hāʻule ka noi no nā paipu i kekahi mau ʻoihana i kahi kokoke i ʻole.ʻO nā hale hana kaʻa a me nā hui ma nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe i manaʻo ʻia he ʻuʻuku wale nō.Aia kekahi manawa i ka nui o ka ʻoihana ʻaʻole i hana a kūʻai aku i nā paipu.Ke mau nei ka mākeke paipu no kekahi mau ʻoihana koʻikoʻi.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi, ke noʻonoʻo nei nā kānaka i kā lākou ʻoihana ponoʻī.Kūʻai kekahi poʻe i nā pahu hau no ka mālama ʻana i nā meaʻai.Ma hope koke iho, ua hoʻomaka ka mākeke waiwai a kūʻai nā kānaka i kekahi mau mea hana hou i ke kūʻai ʻana i home, no laila ua kākoʻo nā ʻano ʻelua i ka noi no nā paipu anawaena liʻiliʻi.Ke hoʻomaka nei ka ʻoihana mahiʻai e ola hou, me ka nui aʻe o nā mea nona ka makemake i nā traktor liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā mower mauu me ka hoʻokele ʻole.A laila ua hoʻomaka hou ka mākeke kaʻa, ʻoiai me ka wikiwiki o ka wikiwiki ma muli o ka hemahema o ka chip a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe.
Laiki.1. Hoʻokumuʻia nā kūlana SAE-J525 a me ASTM-A519 e like me nā pani maʻamau no SAE-J524 a me ASTM-A513T5.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ʻo ia ka SAE-J525 a me ASTM-A513T5 i welded ma kahi o ka seamless.ʻO nā pilikia kūʻai e like me ka manawa alakaʻi ʻeono mahina i hana i nā manawa kūpono no nā huahana tubular ʻelua, SAE-J356 (i hoʻolako ʻia ma ke ʻano he paipu pololei) a me SAE-J356A (i hoʻolako ʻia ma ke ʻano he coil), e kūpono ana i nā koi like me nā mea ʻē aʻe.huahana.
Ua loli ka mākeke, akā mau ke alakaʻi.ʻAʻohe mea nui aʻe ma mua o ka nānā ʻana i ka hana ʻana a me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā paipu e like me ka koi o ka mākeke.
E kū mai ana ka nīnau hana-kūʻai i ka wā e kū ai ka hana hana i nā koina hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a i ʻole ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kūloko.
Iecaianoaaiiuo koke ma hope o kuʻihao o paipu huahana pono waiwai waiwai.Ma muli o ka nui a me ka hana ʻana o ka wili kila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā ʻāpana ākea i loko.Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke kaumaha ka wili kūloko i nā koi o ka hana, nā koi kālā no nā mea hana, a me ke kumu kūʻai o ka waihona broadband.
Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka ʻoki ʻana i 2,000 tons i kēlā me kēia mahina a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i 5,000 tons o ke kila he nui ke kālā.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke kūʻai ʻana i ke kila ʻoki-a-ākea ma ka manawa kūpono e pono ai ke kālā liʻiliʻi.ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, hiki i ka mea hana paipu ke kūkākūkā i nā ʻōlelo o ka hōʻaiʻē me ka mea ʻoki, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopaneʻe maoli i nā kumukūʻai kālā.He ʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia wili paipu ma kēia ʻano, akā palekana ka ʻōlelo ʻana ua hoʻopilikia ʻia kēlā me kēia mea hana paipu e ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19 e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā limahana akamai, nā kumukūʻai kila a me nā kahe kālā.
Pela no ka hana paipu ponoi, ma muli o ke kulana.Hiki i nā ʻoihana me nā kaulahao waiwai lālā ke haʻalele i ka ʻoihana hoʻoponopono.Ma mua o ka hana ʻana i nā paipu, a laila kūlou, uhi ʻia, a hana i nā puʻupuʻu a me nā hui, kūʻai i nā paipu a nānā i nā hana ʻē aʻe.
Nui nā hui e hana ana i nā ʻāpana hydraulic a i ʻole nā puʻupuʻu paipu wai kaʻa kaʻa i kā lākou mau paipu ponoʻī.ʻO kekahi o kēia mau mea kanu i kēia manawa nā aie ma mua o ka waiwai.ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea kūʻai aku i ka wā maʻi maʻi a mamao loa nā wānana kūʻai kaʻa mai nā pae pre-pandemic.Hoʻopili ʻia ka mākeke kaʻa me nā huaʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻole e like me ka pani ʻana, ka hoʻihoʻi hohonu a me ka hemahema.No nā mea hana kaʻa a me kā lākou mea hoʻolako, ʻaʻohe kumu e manaʻo ai e loli ke kūlana hoʻolako no ka maikaʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana.ʻO ka mea nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaʻa uila i kēia mākeke he liʻiliʻi ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana drivetrain paipu kila.
Hana pinepine ʻia nā wili paipu paʻa e kauoha.He mea maikaʻi kēia ma ke ʻano o kā lākou kumu i manaʻo ʻia - ka hana ʻana i nā paipu no nā noi kikoʻī - akā he pōʻino i ke ʻano o ka ʻoihana waiwai.No ka laʻana, e noʻonoʻo i kahi wili paipu i hoʻolālā ʻia e hana i nā huahana 10 mm OD no kahi huahana kaʻa i ʻike ʻia.Hōʻoia ka papahana i nā hoʻonohonoho ma muli o ka leo.Ma hope mai, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi kaʻina hana ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi no kahi paipu ʻē aʻe me ke anawaena o waho like.Ua hala ka manawa, ua pau ka papahana kumu, a ʻaʻole lawa ka leo o ka hui e hōʻoia i kahi papahana lua.ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kau ʻana a me nā koina ʻē aʻe.I kēia hihia, inā hiki i ka hui ke loaʻa i kahi mea hoʻolako kūpono, pono ia e hoʻāʻo e hoʻopuka i ka papahana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole e pau ka helu ʻana ma ka ʻoki ʻoki.ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu e like me ka uhi ʻana, ʻokiʻoki i ka lōʻihi, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana e hoʻonui nui i ke kumukūʻai.Ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ʻo ke kumukūʻai huna nui loa i ka hana ʻana o ka paipu ʻo ka lawelawe ʻana.ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i nā paipu mai ka hale wili a hiki i ka hale kūʻai kahi e ʻohi ʻia ai lākou mai ka hale kūʻai a hoʻouka ʻia ma luna o kahi kuʻi ʻoki maikaʻi a laila waiho ʻia nā paipu i nā papa e hānai i nā paipu i loko o ka mea ʻoki hoʻokahi i ka manawa - ʻo kēia mau mea āpau. koi i ka hana ʻAʻole paha e loaʻa ka manaʻo o kēia kumukūʻai hana, akā hōʻike ʻia ia ma ke ʻano o nā mea hana forklift hou a i ʻole nā limahana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻoihana lawe.
Laiki.2. Aneane like ka hui kemika o SAE-J525 a me SAE-J356A, e kokua ana i ka hope e pani i ka mua.
Ua puni nā paipu hydraulic no nā kaukani makahiki.Ma luna o 4,000 mau makahiki aku nei, ua hana ko ʻAigupita i ke kaula keleawe.Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā paipu ʻohe ma Kina i ka wā Xia Dynasty ma kahi o 2000 BC.Ma hope mai ua kūkulu ʻia nā ʻōnaehana paipu Roma me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā paipu alakaʻi, kahi huahana o ke kaʻina hoʻoheheʻe kālā.
maʻemaʻe.Ua hoʻomaka mua nā paipu kila maʻemaʻe o kēia wā ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i ka makahiki 1890. Mai ka makahiki 1890 a hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo ka mea maka no kēia kaʻina hana he billet poepoe paʻa.ʻO nā mea hou i ka hoʻolei mau ʻana i nā bila i nā makahiki 1950 ua alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā paipu liʻiliʻi mai nā ingots kila a i loko o nā mea kila makamae o ka wā - cast billets.ʻO nā paipu hydraulic, i ka wā i hala a i kēia manawa, ua hana ʻia mai nā lua ʻole i huki ʻia i ke anu.Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ia no ka mākeke ʻAmelika ʻAmelika e like me SAE-J524 e ka Society of Automotive Engineers a me ASTM-A519 e ka American Society for Testing and Materials.
ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā paipu hydraulic maʻamau he hana koʻikoʻi loa ia, ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā paipu anawaena liʻiliʻi.Pono ia i ka ikehu nui a makemake i kahi ākea.
wiliwili.I ka makahiki 1970 ua loli ka mākeke.Ma hope o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka mākeke paipu kila no kahi kokoke i 100 mau makahiki, ua hōʻole ka mākeke paipu seamless.Ua hoʻopiha ʻia me nā paipu welded, i hōʻike ʻia he kūpono no nā noi mechanical he nui i ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā mākeke kaʻa.Noho ʻo ia i ka ʻāina i ka Mecca mua - ka honua o nā paipu aila a me ke kinoea.
ʻElua mau mea hou i kōkua i kēia hoʻololi i ka mākeke.Hoʻokahi ka hoʻolei mau ʻana i nā papa, kahi e hiki ai i nā wili kila ke hoʻohua nui i nā ʻāpana palahalaha kiʻekiʻe.ʻO kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe e hana ana i ka wili kūʻē HF i kahi kaʻina hana kūpono no ka ʻoihana pipeline.ʻO ka hopena he huahana hou: he paipu welded me nā ʻano like me ka seamless, akā ma ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā huahana seamless like.Ke hana nei kēia paipu i kēia lā a ua helu ʻia ʻo SAE-J525 a i ʻole ASTM-A513-T5 ma ka mākeke ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.No ka huki ʻia ʻana o ka paipu a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, he huahana koʻikoʻi ia.ʻAʻole like kēia mau kaʻina hana i ka hana a me ke kālā nui e like me nā kaʻina hana maʻemaʻe, akā ke kiʻekiʻe nei nā kumukūʻai e pili ana iā lākou.
Mai ka 1990s a hiki i kēia manawa, lawe ʻia mai ka hapa nui o nā paipu hydraulic i hoʻopau ʻia ma ka mākeke kūloko, inā i huki ʻia (SAE-J524) a i huki ʻia paha (SAE-J525).ʻO kēia paha ka hopena o nā ʻokoʻa nui o ke kumukūʻai o ka hana a me ke kila kila ma waena o ka US a me nā ʻāina e lawe aku ana.I nā makahiki he 30-40 i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa kēia mau huahana mai nā mea hana hale, akā ʻaʻole i hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokumu iā lākou iho he mea hoʻokani nui ma kēia mākeke.ʻO ke kumu kūʻai maikaʻi o nā huahana i lawe ʻia mai kahi pilikia nui.
mākeke o kēia manawa.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka huahana seamless, huki ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia ʻo J524 ua emi mālie i nā makahiki.Loaʻa ia a loaʻa kahi wahi i ka mākeke laina hydraulic, akā makemake nā OEM e koho iā J525 inā hiki ke loaʻa ka J525 i welded, huki a hoʻopili ʻia.
Ua paʻi ka maʻi maʻi a ua hoʻololi hou ka mākeke.Ke hāʻule nei ka hāʻawi honua o ka hana, ke kila a me ka logistic ma kahi like me ka emi ʻana o ka koi kaʻa i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna.Hoʻohana like ia i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā paipu aila hydraulic J525 i lawe ʻia mai.Ma muli o kēia mau hanana, ʻike ʻia ka mākeke kūloko no kahi neʻe mākeke hou.Ua mākaukau paha e hana i kekahi huahana ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hana ma mua o ka wili, kaha kiʻi a me nā paipu annealing?Aia kekahi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia i hoʻohana maʻamau.ʻO SAE-J356A kēia, e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā ʻōnaehana hydraulic he nui (e nānā i ka fig. 1).
He pōkole a maʻalahi nā kikoʻī i paʻi ʻia e ka SAE, ʻoiai ʻo kēlā me kēia kikoʻī e wehewehe i hoʻokahi kaʻina hana hana paipu.ʻO ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa, ʻo ka J525 a me J356A ke ʻano like me ka nui, nā waiwai mechanical, a me nā ʻike ʻē aʻe, no laila hiki ke huikau nā kikoʻī.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka huahana spiral J356A no nā laina hydraulic liʻiliʻi he ʻano like ʻole o J356, a hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu pololei no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu hydraulic nui.
Kiʻi 3. ʻOiai ua manaʻo ka poʻe he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i huki ʻia i ke anu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā paipu wili a me ka ʻōwili anu, ua like nā ʻano mīkini o nā huahana tubular ʻelua.HOOLAHA.ʻO nā waiwai Imperial i ka PSI ua hoʻololi mālie ʻia mai nā kikoʻī i nā waiwai metric i MPa.
Manaʻo kekahi poʻe ʻenehana i ka J525 i mea maikaʻi loa no nā noi hydraulic kiʻekiʻe e like me nā mea kaumaha.ʻAʻole ʻike maikaʻi ʻia ʻo J356A akā pili pū kekahi i nā bearings wai kaomi kiʻekiʻe.I kekahi manawa, ʻokoʻa nā koi hoʻopau: J525 ʻaʻohe pahu ID, ʻoiai ʻo J356A e hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia a loaʻa kahi pahu ID liʻiliʻi.
Loaʻa nā waiwai like o ka mea maka (e nānā i ke kiʻi 2).Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi o ka haku mele me nā waiwai mechanical i makemake ʻia.I mea e hoʻokō ai i kekahi mau mea mechanical e like me ka ikaika tensile a i ʻole ka ikaika tensile hope (UTS), ua kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana a i ʻole ka wela wela o ke kila no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hopena kikoʻī.
Hoʻokaʻawale kēia mau ʻano paipu i kahi pūʻulu like o nā waiwai mechanical maʻamau, e hoʻololi iā lākou i nā noi he nui (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 3).ʻO ia hoʻi, inā nalo kekahi, ua lawa paha kekahi.ʻAʻohe mea e pono e hana hou i ka huila, ua loaʻa i ka ʻoihana kahi huila paʻa a kaulike.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Tube & Pipe Journal i ka makahiki 1990 ma ke ʻano he makasina mua i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka ʻoihana paipu metala.A hiki i kēia lā, ʻo ia wale nō ka paʻi ʻoihana ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a ua lilo i kumu hilinaʻi nui o ka ʻike no nā ʻoihana paipu.
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E ʻoliʻoli i ka loaʻa kikohoʻe piha i ka STAMPING Journal, ka puke moʻolelo mākeke stamping metala me nā holomua ʻenehana hou, nā hana maikaʻi loa a me nā nūhou ʻoihana.
Loaʻa ka loaʻa piha ʻana i The Fabricator en Español digital edition, e hāʻawi maʻalahi ana i nā kumuwaiwai waiwai waiwai.
ʻO ka ʻāpana 2 o kā mākou ʻāpana ʻelua me Ray Ripple, kahi mea pena metala Texan a me ka welder, e hoʻomau iā ia…
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jan-05-2023