ʻO ASTM 201 304 Mea kūʻai aku i nā mea kūʻai aku

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi oscilloscope i hoʻohana ʻia he ʻano o ka hele ʻana no nā mea hackers hardware.A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā mea hana hou i loko o ka waihona kālā o ke kanaka maʻamau, no laila paʻa paha ʻoe me kahi oscilloscope kahiko.Nui nā koho inexpensive i kēia mau lā, ʻoiai inā ʻoe e hoʻokomo i nā oscilloscopes computer inexpensive a me "oscilloscopes".Maikaʻi nō hoʻi nā mika kikohoʻe i kēia mau lā (ua kaʻawale pinepine ʻia lākou ma kekahi mau hale kūʻai nui), e like me nā mea hana hōʻailona, ​​nā helu helu alapine, a me nā mea loiloi loiloi.

ʻO ASTM 201 304 Mea kūʻai aku i nā mea kūʻai aku

Akā, aia kekahi ʻāpana o nā mea hoʻāʻo ʻaʻole i ʻike pinepine ʻia e like me ka wā ma mua, a he mea hilahila ia no ka mea he ʻāpana nui loa ia o ka pahu.ʻOiaʻiʻo, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana me ke kelepona ʻole, ʻaʻole paha ia ma kāu papa inoa makemake, akā inā ʻoe e hana i kekahi mea me RF, ʻaʻole ia he hāmeʻa versatile wale nō, akā waiwai nui hoʻi.heaha ka mea i kapaia Ua hilinai.Ma ka mōʻaukala ua kapa ʻia lākou ʻo "Grid Dip Oscillator" a i ʻole GDO.Lohe paha ʻoe i kekahi manawa i kapa ʻia ʻo "grid tilt meter".Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe paipu o nā mana hou (a no laila, ʻo ia ke kumu e lohe ai ʻoe iā lākou i kēia manawa i kapa ʻia he inclinometers, a i ʻole he bākeke wale nō.
ʻO nā mea a pau āu e kapa ai iā lākou, ua like ke kumumanaʻo o ka hana, a he maʻalahi loa ia.ʻO ka mea kani he mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o kahi oscillator broadband loa me ka hoʻopuka e pili ana i kahi kaapuni waho.Aia kekahi mau ala e hoʻomalu ai i ka nui o ka mana e hoʻohana ai ka mīkini hana.Hana ʻia kēia ma ka nānā ʻana i ka amplitude kiʻekiʻe o ka oscillator.
ʻO ke kumu o ka hāʻule e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka inductor a me ka capacitor i nā alapine like ʻole.ʻEkolu kumu o ka impedance ma kahi kokoke i nā kaapuni a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea: ke kū'ē, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻololi me ka alapine, capacitive reactance, ma muli o ka capacitance, a me ka reactance inductive o nā ʻāpana inductive.I kekahi mau hihia, loaʻa iā ʻoe ka nui o lākou.No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole pono ka nui o ka reactance o kēlā me kēia ʻano o nā mea pale kalapona.Pono ka capacitive i ka hapa nui.
No ka capacitor i hāʻawi ʻia, nui loa ka reactance ma nā alapine haʻahaʻa a liʻiliʻi loa i nā alapine kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ka inductance ka mea ʻē aʻe: ʻo nā alapine haʻahaʻa e hana i ka reactance liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā alapine kiʻekiʻe.He mea maʻalahi kēia e hoʻomanaʻo inā noʻonoʻo ʻoe i ke au pololei e like me ka nalu me ka ʻole hertz frequency.ʻO kahi inductor (coil) e lawe maopopo i ka DC (haʻahaʻa reactance), aʻo kahi capacitor (ʻelua mau papa like) ʻaʻole e lawe i DC (kiʻekiʻe reactance).
ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o ke kūʻē ʻana o ke kaapuni e pili ana i kēia mau mea ʻekolu, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ia e like me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā waiwai.ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole like ka nui o ke kū'ē a me ka reactance.Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hōʻailona 1V e hele ana i kahi ukana 2 ohm me 3 ohm reactance, makemake ʻoe e ʻike e hana like ia me ka 1V e hele ana i kahi resistor maʻamau.Inā pili ke kū'ē a me ka reactance i ka moʻo, ua like ka waiwai o kēia kūpaʻa kūpono me ka impedance, ʻo ia ka huina vector o ke kū'ē a me ka reactance.
No laila ma kēia laʻana 22+32=13.ʻO ke kumu huinahalike o 13 he 3.6 pololei, no laila ʻo 3.6 ohms ka impedance.No ka hoʻopiʻi hou ʻana i nā mea, ʻo ka inductive a me ka capacitive reactance e hoʻopau i kekahi i kekahi.Manaʻo pinepine ʻia ka capacitive reactance he ʻino, ʻoiai ʻoiai mākou e hoʻohālikelike nei, ʻaʻole ia he mea nui ke ʻano o ke kūʻē kūʻē ʻole āu e noʻonoʻo ai no kēia helu kikoʻī.No ka poʻe makemake makemakika, manaʻo maoli ʻoe i ke kūʻē ʻana ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana maoli a me ka reactance e like me ka ʻāpana noʻonoʻo o kahi helu paʻakikī.ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano polar e hāʻawi i ka nui a me ke kihi ʻāpana.
Ua like ka pilina pili like, akā hoʻonui ka reactance ma ke ʻano like me nā resistors parallel.Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ma kekahi mau alapine, like ka inductive a me ka capacitive reactance.Ma kahi kaapuni moʻo, ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka lilo ʻana o ka reactance i zero a koe wale ke kū'ē.Ma kahi kaapuni like, pau ka zero i ka denominator o ka hakina, no laila, ʻaʻole i pau ka reactance maikaʻi (a ke hoʻopili ʻia kahi pale pale maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻololi i ka waiwai o ka mea pale).I kēlā me kēia hihia, hoʻopau ka reactance, e waiho ana i kahi kūpaʻa maʻemaʻe.
ʻO ke kiko kahi e hoʻopau ai nā reactances kekahi i kekahi, ua kapa ʻia ʻo resonance.Hana ka inclinometer no ka mea ma ke kiko resonance, e ʻike ka oscillator o ka mika i ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa (impedance haʻahaʻa loa), no laila e hāʻule ka uila (a hāʻule paha).Ma nā alapine ʻē aʻe, e mau ana kekahi reactance a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka impedance o ke kaapuni ma lalo o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma mua o ka resonance.
ʻIke loa, ʻo ka hana nui o ka inclinometer ke ana i ke alapine resonant o ke kaapuni.Inā ʻo ia wale nō ka mea e pono ai, he mea kōkua nui ia.Akā me ka hoʻoikaika liʻiliʻi, hiki i ka inclinometer ke hana hou aku.
ʻO ka mea mua, hiki iā ia ke ana i nā kaapuni ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole wale nā ​​capacitors a me nā inductors.No ka laʻana, loaʻa i nā antennas, crystals, a me nā laina hoʻouna i kahi kiko resonance kikoʻī, a hiki i kahi mika ke ana iā lākou.No nā kristal, ʻo ke alapine ke alapine oscillation o ke aniani (me kekahi hewa e pili ana i ka capacitance ukana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe).Hiki i nā Antennas ke kani i nā alapine he nui, ʻaʻole wale ka mea āu e makemake ai, no laila e koi ʻia kekahi hoʻoholo.ʻO kēlā me kēia mea ʻaʻohe wili (e like me ka antenna a i ʻole ke aniani) pono i kahi wili liʻiliʻi e hoʻololi i ka mana mai ka mika a i ke kaapuni.
No nā laina mana, hiki iā ʻoe ke ana i kēia ma ka hana ʻana i kahi loop loop e hoʻohui i ka inclinometer (ʻo ka liʻiliʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi).E ʻimi i ka luʻu haʻahaʻa loa a e hōʻike ʻia ka lōʻihi hawewe 1/4 o ke alapine laina hoʻouna.No ka laʻana, inā kani ke kaula i 7.5 MHz (40 mika ka lōʻihi o ka nalu), ʻo ke kaula he 10 mau mika ka lōʻihi.Eia naʻe, mai poina e noʻonoʻo i ke kumu o ka wikiwiki o ka laina hoʻouna.ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka laina hawewe hawewe me ka helu helu o 0.66 ma mua o ka lōʻihi o ka manaʻo (ma kēia hihia, ʻo 66% wale nō ka lōʻihi o ka theoretical).
ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ratio laina hoʻouna e like me kou makemake.ʻO ia hoʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i ke alapine resonant e ana i ke kaula, a i ʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho i ke alapine a hoʻoponopono i ka laina no ka slope.ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea āu i ʻike ai e kiʻi i ka mea āu i ʻike ʻole ai he kumu maikaʻi ia no nā inclinometers grid.Makemake ʻoe e ana i kahi capacitor ʻike ʻole?E hoʻohauʻoli me kahi inductor i ʻike ʻia.A i ʻole e hoʻomaka me kahi capacitor i ʻike ʻia a ʻike i ka waiwai no kahi coil ʻike ʻole ʻia.
Eia naʻe, ʻo kekahi o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi ʻo ka heluhelu pinepine kūpono kūpono.He mau hōʻike kikohoʻe kekahi o nā mea ʻike hou (e like me ka DipIt i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻākau).Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā mīkini kaomi maʻamau.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopili maʻalahi iā lākou i kahi mika alapine a hoʻohana paha i kahi mea hoʻokipa e hoʻoholo pololei i ke alapine.
Loaʻa nā ana hou aku inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i kekahi manaʻo.Loaʻa i nā wili he Q (Q factor) e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ke kū'ē ʻana i ko lākou reactance.E hoʻohana i kahi capacitor kuhikuhi maikaʻi, e hana i kahi kaapuni resonant a hoʻohuli i ka mika.E nānā i ka pinepine.A laila e hoʻohuli i ka inclinometer a ʻike ʻoe i ka nui o kāna heluhelu ʻana ma kahi o 30% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka hili ʻana.I kēia manawa, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka mea ʻike maka a iho hou i lalo a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hōʻailona 30% ma kēlā ʻaoʻao.Ua like ka Q me ke alapine haʻahaʻa i puʻunaue ʻia e ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā alapine 30% ʻelua.
ʻIke ʻia paha kēia, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Ursa Major ma ke ʻano he kumu hōʻailona.No ka laʻana, no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kahi lekiō, pono ʻoe e hoʻonohonoho i ka inclinometer i ke alapine āu e makemake ai e lohe ka lekiō a hahai iā ia ma ke kaapuni.Nui nā inclinometers i ke ʻano kahi e hoʻopau ai lākou i ka oscillator a hoʻohana i ka coil (a me ka hoʻoponopono capacitor) a me ka diode ma ke ʻano he mika lōʻihi.Hōʻike ka mika i ka pae ikehu RF ma ke alapine i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.Loaʻa i kekahi poʻe naʻau ke poʻo poʻo i hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolohe i ka hōʻailona (e like me ka lekiō aniani).
ʻO kekahi o nā kumu i loaʻa ʻole i ka inclinometers ka nui o nā poʻe i kēia lā, ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻalahi e like me ka wā ma mua.He mea hoʻolako kaulana loa ʻo Heathkit i nā inclinometers o nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona.ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona waina kaulana ʻē aʻe (ʻike pinepine ʻia ma eBay) ʻo Eico, Millen, Boonton, a me Measurements Corporation (e makaʻala, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe he ʻohi, ʻaʻole pono nā kumu hoʻohālike paipu).Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kahi papa inoa o nā kiʻi GDO he nui ma ka pūnaewele [n4xy] (ʻo nā kiʻi he mau kaomi liʻiliʻi mai ka pihi aʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao nui).Aia ma ka hema ke kiʻi o kaʻu mau ana GDO kahiko (a ʻae, hoʻohana ia i nā paipu).
Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i nā inclinometers hou mai MFJ (kūʻai aku lākou i ka MFJ-201 i hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻākau a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i kekahi o kā lākou antenna analyses i inclinometers hoʻohana).Nui nō hoʻi nā polokalamu ma ka Pūnaewele.Inā makemake ʻoe i kahi mod tube maoli (ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia), loaʻa iā [w4cwg] nā hoʻolālā.Hoʻolauna ʻo [SMOVPO] i kahi hoʻolālā FET hou aku me kahi lele hou e kōkua i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hāʻule.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he mea hilahila ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻāpana hou me ka ʻole o ka hōʻike kikohoʻe.ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i hoʻokahi, a hoʻohana paha i kahi mea i kūkulu ʻia e like me DipIt a i ʻole ELM.Nui nā mea ʻē aʻe a me nā kime.Nānā a puni.ʻO ka ʻaoʻao paʻakikī loa ka wili ʻana i nā coils, ʻoiai e koi ana kekahi i nā capacitors loli i paʻakikī ke loaʻa.Eia naʻe, ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, e hana kekahi oscillator hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia.ʻOiaʻiʻo, loaʻa iaʻu ʻelua mau ʻeke Heathkit kahiko i hoʻohana i nā diodes tunnel kūʻē kūʻē ʻole ma ke ʻano he oscillators (kekahi o ia ke kiʻi ʻia ma ka hema).
Inā makemake ʻoe i kahi hōʻike wikiō o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka inclinometer, ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hana maikaʻi ma mua o [w2aew], no laila hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa kāna wikiō ma lalo.
Aia kekahi o lākou ma kaʻu "papa inoa makemake" mai ka loaʻa ʻana mai o kaʻu laikini hoʻokalakupua lekiō ma 2008. ʻAʻole i loaʻa iaʻu kahi kumukūʻai hiki iaʻu ke loaʻa.Eia kekahi, ʻike wau he aha nā hale kūʻai e hāʻawi ana i nā helu helu kikohoʻe?Hiki iaʻu ke hoʻohana i kekahi mau DVOM maʻalahi loa e hōʻike i ka volta mains (ʻaʻole au e hilinaʻi i kahi mika haʻahaʻa no kekahi mea ʻē aʻe).
Hoʻopuka pinepine ʻo Harbor Freight i nā mea ʻike maikaʻi loa.I kekahi manawa, lawe au iā lākou a kau ma luna o ka papaʻaina, no ka mea, ma kahi o hoʻokahi manawa o ka pule e hele mai ai kekahi a nīnau mai, "He ohmmeter kāu?"Hāʻawi wale wau iā lākou a ʻaʻole manaʻo e hoʻi mai.ʻO ka pilikia wale nō ʻo ka loaʻa ʻole o ka buzzer.He lapuwale kēia, akā no ka hāʻawi ʻana…
Mahalo, e nānā au.Loaʻa iaʻu ʻelua mau mika Fluke a me kahi HP 3457A kahiko aʻu e hilinaʻi nei no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ana kūpono, akā he mea maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o ʻelua mau mika liʻiliʻi e like me nā mea nānā uila haʻahaʻa i kaʻu mau papahana lako mana.
Ua ʻike au i ka hoʻolaha pinepine ʻana o nā makasina kaʻa e like me Hot Rod, Car Craft, a pēlā aku.ʻO kā lākou mau helu helu haʻahaʻa e hele mai me kahi coupon "free" ($10 e kūʻai).Aloha au iā lākou, loaʻa iaʻu ma kahi o ʻumikūmālua o lākou, hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia mīkini, hoʻokahi no kaʻu pākaukau, hoʻokahi no kaʻu papa hana a ma kahi o 5 mau mea kūʻai.No 5 a i ʻole mau makahiki "hōʻiliʻili" wau iā lākou, inā ʻike wau i kekahi pilikia, ʻo kēia kauwela wale nō.Ke hana nei i kekahi mea (ʻaʻole hiki iaʻu ke hoʻomanaʻo i ka mea) e nalowale ana ka heluhelu (a i ʻole DC voltage a i ʻole ke kū'ē) ma hope o kekona a i ʻole."Blank" 'o ia ho'i, ua ho'onohonoho hou 'ia ka heluhelu a hele i ka 0.00 a i 'ole OL.Ua ho'āʻo wau e hoʻololi i ka pākaukau me kahi pākahi 9V ʻē aʻe aʻu i moe ai, akā ua hāʻawi mai iaʻu i kahi ʻōlelo aʻo Lo Batt.Ke hoʻokomo wau i kaʻu pākaukau ponoʻī, ua hana maikaʻi ia.Ke kūʻai aku nei ʻo Horror Fright i kekahi DVM no kahi $25 (kūʻai au i kaʻu no $20).Lawe au iā ia i loko o kaʻu ʻeke ʻeke, akā ʻaʻole hana ka LCD hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i kekahi manawa ma ke kūlana ākea.Loaʻa iaʻu he 4 Flukes.
Ma waho o ke kumuhana, ʻaʻole kēia e pili ana i nā multimeters, ʻo OL ke ʻano o ka overload, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau no nā resistors, ʻaʻole i nānā ʻia, kapa ʻia ʻo infinity a me nā volts maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi ka nui o ka volta i ka pae i koho ʻia, uhi ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no kāu hāmeʻa.TM i ka manawa maoli?Aia ma luna ka mākia inclinometer.wale nō.
Ua nānā au i ʻelua mau helu ʻulaʻula ʻo Harbor Freight i loaʻa iaʻu me ka manuahi me nā kākika.ʻO ka hoʻolālā weliweli, ʻaʻole wau e hoʻohana iā lākou i nā kaapuni mana kiʻekiʻe.Aia nā pōlele solder a me nā kaula ma nā wahi a pau, a he aniani wale nō ka fuse.ʻAʻohe fuse ma ka hoʻokomo 10A, ʻaʻole maʻamau ka maiʻa jacks, ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o nā uwea no 10A, a ʻoi aku ka lahilahi o ka insulation no ka 600Vac/1000Vdc i koi ʻia.
ʻAʻole nānā koʻu hoaaloha i kāna mika a hiki i kona nānā ʻana i ka puka 240V o ka mea maloʻo.Hoʻopili ʻo ia i kahi uwea 10A ʻē aʻe a pahū ka mika.ʻO koʻu manaʻo he pā nui loa, he uila, a lele kaʻawale nā ​​hapa ʻelua.Laki ʻaʻole ʻo ia i paʻa, laki ʻaʻole hehee ka uwea e paʻa ana.
Manaʻo wau ua kūʻai au i kaʻu no $15 ma kekahi humfest.Inā ʻoe e google, nui nā papahana ma ka pūnaewele e hoʻohana ana i nā FET e kūkulu iā lākou.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i DMM no £5 mai Maplin ma UK.He mea hoʻolako uila ʻo Maplin me kahi inoa maikaʻi no nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa!Ma mua, kūʻai nui lākou i nā ʻāpana.ʻO ka lālā kokoke loa iaʻu aia ma kahi kūʻai ma waho o ke kūlanakauhale, ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻo Maplin he hapalua paha o ka pā pôpeku, a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 transistors o kēlā me kēia ʻano.No ka laʻana 2 transistors.ʻElua, transistors kaʻawale, 2 kumu, 2 ʻohi, ʻo kekahi.Hiki ke kauoha ʻia ke koena ma ka lālā.
He minamina iki.Hoʻopiha ʻia ke koena o ka hale kūʻai me nā hōʻailona Kina, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā mea maikaʻi a me nā mea kūʻai aku mai nā wahi mea kūʻai kūpono, a me nā makana hou, nā quadcopters pāʻani Pākē a me nā mea like.Maikaʻi loa ka maikaʻi o nā mea a pau, akā ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o ke kumukūʻai kūʻai o Maplin.
Manaʻo wau e like me Radio Shack ma mua o The Fall.Minamina i ke aloha iā Maplin, ʻo kā lākou papa helu makahiki e like me ka porn ʻōpio.500 ʻaoʻao a ʻoi aku paha, papa inoa nui o nā ʻāpana!I kēia manawa, ʻo ka PMR walkie-talkies a me nā motherboards PC kahiko no 60% ʻoi aku ma mua o kāu e uku ai mai kahi mea kūʻai kūʻokoʻa.Akā no kekahi kumu ʻaʻohe kelepona paʻa.ʻO kēia ka hapa nui o ka pono o nā hale kūʻai kelepona kūikawā.
I kekahi hihia, e ʻōlelo wau e kūʻai aku ana kēlā inoa bootleg i nā multimeters no £ 5, koe wale nō ua pepehi ʻo Maplin i kaʻu mau moeʻuhane.Ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe, he kaulahao o nā hale kūʻai DIY.A i ʻole, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ma ka pūnaewele.Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka multimeter me ke kumu kūʻai loa.I kekahi manawa, kapa ʻia lākou he "mea hoʻāʻo uila hale" a i ʻole kekahi mea i ʻole e nānā nui nā mika ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi.Ua loaʻa iaʻu kekahi mau mea kūʻai ʻole i nā makahiki a ʻaʻohe hoʻopiʻi.Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia kahi hōʻike transistor. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea pipiʻi.ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu he aha ka ʻokoʻa.Makemake au i kahi kūkulu maikaʻi.ʻAʻole naʻu i kīkēkē, no laila, no nā makahiki he nui ua hoʻonohonoho pono nā mea a pau.
Ma waho aʻe o kēlā, inā makemake ʻoe e kau i kahi mea ma kāu PSU, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā LED Voltmeters / Ammeters ma Ebay no ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa loa i kēia mau lā.ʻO ka maʻamau he PCB wale nō me ka hihia ʻole, kahi ala āu e makemake ai e kau iā ia.ʻO ke kala o ke kukui ʻāpana 7 o kāu koho (ʻae, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e koho i ka uliuli!).
ʻAʻole kūʻokoʻa maoli, akā lawa ka uku.Manaʻo wau inā hāʻawi kaʻawale kekahi iā lākou, hoʻokahi ia no kēlā me kēia mea kūʻai aku, a inā pololei ke kūʻai ʻana.
I kēia manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke hana maikaʻi.Hiki iā Arduino ke nānā i ka pine DDS.Hoʻohana ka AD9851 i ka 60 a i ʻole 70 MHz.Hiki ke loaʻa nā alapine kiʻekiʻe me nā alapine pinepine a me nā ʻekolu.Hiki i nā mea ʻike mana logarithmic ke ana i nā hōʻailona ma luna o kahi ākea ākea o ka mana a me ka alapine.Hōʻike paʻa LCD akamai e hōʻike i ka pane alapine.
Eia kahi wikiō me ka ʻike maikaʻi, manaʻo wau ua ʻike mua wau, ʻaʻole i hina ma waena o nā kānana duplexers/cavity ma o YT AI a ʻano wau… i hele mai me kēia mita angle reticle:
gosh ʻaʻole wau he hacker.ʻAʻole wau i hoʻomanaʻo i koʻu lohe ʻana e pili ana i kahi inclinometer (ua hana wau i kaʻu papahana uila mua ma mua o 50 mau makahiki i hala aku nei - he mea hoʻokipa quartz - ʻaʻohe pā, ʻo kahi uwea lōʻihi e u ana mai ka puka aniani o koʻu lumi moe e hoʻohuli i ka lewa) ʻO ia ke kumu aʻu. Ke heluhelu nei au iā Hackaday, no ke aʻo hou ʻana… ʻaʻole pono iaʻu e hoʻohana.ʻO nā mea e like me ka hana ʻana me ka ESP8266 IOT ua paʻa iaʻu a ʻaʻole i uhaʻi i ka ʻāina hou.Ma kekahi hihia, mahalo no kahi pou hoihoi loa.
ʻAe, he liʻiliʻi kaʻu, akā inā e hoʻomaka wale ana ʻoe a makemake i kahi mea hana e hana maoli ana, ʻaʻole paha ʻoe makemake e hana i nā kukui a me nā mea kūloko nui inā loaʻa nā mea ʻē aʻe.I kēia manawa, inā ʻoe e ʻohi, ʻokoʻa.
Ua pau nā paipu i ka wā lōʻihi a i koʻu ʻike hoʻi, ke hana hewa nei lākou i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uea filament a kūkulu i nā waihona.E hoʻohui i kēlā me ka loaʻa ʻana iā lākou ma kahi hāmeʻa kahiko a ʻaʻole paha ka hopena ka mea āu e makemake ai.
Ua hewa loa kou manaʻo e pili ana i ka paipu: ʻaʻole pili ka "filament wire" (i kapa ʻia ʻo filament) e nā waihona.He kuhi hewa kēia, ke huikau nei ʻoe i nā kikoʻī, ua pilikia ka paipu hoʻoili i ka huki ʻana o ka cathodic i ka volta kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole i hāʻawi i ka manawa wela kūpono ma kahi mua.ʻAʻole pili kēia i ka paipu hoʻokipa.ʻO ka lua, inā ʻoe e hoʻohana i ka mika, mahalo wau iā ʻoe, hiki i nā kukui ke lōʻihi ma mua o 5000 mau hola.Loaʻa iaʻu nā lako hoʻāʻo mai nā makahiki 50, nā kulanui a me nā labs me nā kukui kahiko.Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā inclinometers paipu, hoʻopaʻapaʻa kekahi he ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā paipu hāmama ma ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻili o ka paipu ma mua o ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ​​diodes tunnel ma muli o nā ʻano ʻoki ʻoki.Manaʻo wau iā ʻoe e hele i kahi paipu haʻahaʻa me kahi anana analog, a inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e pono ʻoe i nā bele a me nā kīkī me kahi hōʻike kikohoʻe, e hele i laila.
Loaʻa iaʻu kahi ana 59 inclinometer aʻu i hoʻihoʻi hou ai i kahi kūlana hou.Ua hoʻokomo au i kahi mea hoʻohui SMA ma kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka pahu oscillator a me kahi "sniffer" i loko e pili ana i ke kukui oscillator 955.Hōʻike pololei kaʻu mika kikohoʻe StarTek i ke alapine resonant o kaʻu antenna pahele a i ʻole kekahi mea hoʻokomo ʻē aʻe i ka wā e puka mai ai kahi kulu;ʻO kāna unahi analog kumu maoli nō ka pololei.ʻAʻole maikaʻi no kahi mea kani 70s i maʻalahi a leʻaleʻa e hoʻohana…
Hana nā kukui i nā GDO maʻalahi a ʻaʻole au i pilikia me nā lako mana waho.Inā hiki i kekahi ke ʻeli iā Nuvistor, e hana ia i kahi pūʻolo liʻiliʻi.
ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia me ka "GDOs" mokuʻāina paʻa, ʻaʻole like nā transistors bipolar i nā paipu, a ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā transistors mua ka loaʻa a me ka pane pinepine.ʻAʻole maopopo iaʻu i ka maikaʻi o ka hana ʻana o ka Heathkit Tunnel Bucket, akā he ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ia.Nui nā kāmela hope e hoʻohana i nā ala ʻē aʻe e ʻike i ka hāʻule.ʻIke ʻia nā FET e like me nā paipu haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hāʻule ka ʻīpuka e like me ka grid, ʻike ʻia nā MOSFET, pono e hāʻule pū, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike pinepine i kahi mea ʻike RF e ʻike i ka hāʻule.I ka hopena o 1971, ua wehewehe nā kāne ma Millen i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā MOSFET e hoʻohuli i kā lākou GO kaulana i kahi mea kūʻai aku.ʻO nā chassis like, coils a me trimmer capacitors.ʻO ka mea hikiwawe, pono ka hana nui o ke kaapuni "maʻalahi", me ka nui o nā RF chokes, e hoʻonohonoho ʻia me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopunipuni.
ʻAʻole au i kūkulu, akā ua maʻalahi nā paipu a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā mea kūʻai aku.
Manaʻo wau ua nalowale ʻo GDO ma muli o nā mea hoʻāʻo ʻē aʻe.Akā, ua piʻi pū ke kumukūʻai.He mea maʻalahi ka Heathkit a i ʻole Eico a ʻo nā mea kokoke loa i loko o ka haneli kālā a ʻoi aku paha.
Malia paha i loko o nā pōʻai hobbyist, akā hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu i ka TV mana kiʻekiʻe / UHF a me nā noi microwave/satellite… #NotAllTubes
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kēia ʻōlelo.http://spectrum.ieee.org/semiconductors/devices/the-quest-for-the-ultimate-vacuum-tube
I koʻu ʻike ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā puna puna wai ma mua o nā puna paʻa.Maikaʻi koʻu Eico, e like me Millen Dipper.He awelika wale nō nā kīʻaha transistor, ʻino kā lākou ladle tunnel.No laila inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi hana (a i ʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono), ʻaʻole pono ka makahiki ke kumu.
Hiki i ka ladle maika'i ke “mana'o” i ke kaapuni resonant mai kekahi mau iniha ka mamao… ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopili pololei ʻia i ka wili e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke wikiō.Eia kekahi, pono e paʻa ka mita i kou hoʻokani ʻana mai kekahi kihi a i kekahi.Loaʻa i ka poʻe ʻilihune ka nui o nā manaʻo hoʻopunipuni.
Kōkua ka Big Dipper e hōʻike i ka mea * maoli * e hana nei i ke kaulahao.Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia capacitor kahi inductance a ʻo kēlā me kēia inductor he capacitance.'O ia ho'i, ua ha'alulu maoli lākou i kekahi alapine.Eia kekahi, lilo kāu capacitor bypass i inductor, no laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka pono ʻole!Hiki i ka Big Dipper ke hōʻike i kāu kaapuni i nā oscillations hoʻopunipuni ma nā alapine i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, a i ʻole he mea maʻamau ia i ka RF ma kekahi mau alapine.