ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ka trace i nā laʻana wai he ākea o nā noi i ka ʻepekema ola a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni

ʻO ka nānā ʻana o ka trace i nā laʻana wai he ākea o nā noi i ka ʻepekema ola a me ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni.Ma kēia hana, ua hoʻomohala mākou i kahi kiʻi kiʻi paʻi a kūʻai ʻole e pili ana i nā capillaries waveguide metala (MCCs) no ka hoʻoholo ultrasensitive o ka absorption.Hiki ke hoʻonui nui ʻia ke ala optical, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka lōʻihi kino o ka MWC, no ka mea, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mālamalama i hoʻopuehu ʻia e nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao metala maʻemaʻe corrugated i loko o ka capillary me ka nānā ʻole i ke kihi o ka hanana.Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā manaʻo haʻahaʻa e like me 5.12 nM me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā reagents chromogenic maʻamau ma muli o ka hoʻonui optical non-linear hou a me ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana a me ka ʻike glucose.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Photometry no ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano wai ma muli o ka nui o nā reagents chromogenic i loaʻa a me nā mea semiconductor optoelectronic1,2,3,4,5.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka absorbance e pili ana i ka cuvette kuʻuna, hoʻohālikelike nā capillaries wai (LWC) (TIR) ​​ma ka mālama ʻana i ke kukui probe i loko o ka capillary1,2,3,4,5.Eia nō naʻe, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻana, ua kokoke ke ala optical i ka lōʻihi kino o LWC3.6, a ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lōʻihi o LWC ma mua o 1.0 m e loaʻa i ka attenuation māmā ikaika a me ka nui o ka pōʻino, etc.3, 7. i ke kelepona hoʻonaʻauao lehulehu i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ala ʻike, hoʻomaikaʻi wale ʻia ka palena ʻike e ka helu o 2.5-8.9.

Aia i kēia manawa ʻelua mau ʻano nui o LWC, ʻo ia hoʻi nā capillaries Teflon AF (loaʻa ka helu refractive o ka ~1.3 wale nō, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka wai) a me nā capillaries silica i uhi ʻia me Teflon AF a i ʻole nā ​​kiʻi metala1,3,4.No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka TIR ma ke kikowaena ma waena o nā mea dielectric, pono nā mea me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa refractive index a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā kihi o ke kukui e koi ʻia3,6,10.E pili ana i nā capillaries Teflon AF, hanu ʻo Teflon AF ma muli o kona ʻano porous3,11 a hiki ke hoʻomoʻa i nā mea liʻiliʻi i loko o nā ʻano wai.No nā capillaries quartz i uhi ʻia ma waho me Teflon AF a i ʻole metala, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka index refractive o ka quartz (1.45) ma mua o ka hapa nui o nā laʻana wai (e laʻa me 1.33 no ka wai)3,6,12,13.No nā capillaries i uhi ʻia me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni metala i loko, ua aʻo ʻia nā waiwai lawe 14,15,16,17,18, akā paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana, ʻo ka ʻili o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni metala he ʻano a me ka porous structure4,19.

Eia kekahi, ʻo nā LWC pāʻoihana (AF Teflon Coated Capillaries a me AF Teflon Coated Silica Capillaries, World Precision Instruments, Inc.) he mau hemahema ʻē aʻe, e like me: no nā hewa..ʻO ka puʻupuʻu make nui o ka TIR3,10, (2) T-honohono (e hoʻohui i nā capillaries, fibers, a me nā paipu inlet/outlet) hiki ke paʻa i nā ʻōhū ea10.

I ka manawa like, he mea nui ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā pae glucose no ka maʻi diabetes, cirrhosis o ke ake a me ka maʻi noʻonoʻo20.a me nā ʻano hana ʻike he nui e like me ka photometry (me ka spectrophotometry 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 a me ka colorimetry ma ka pepa 26, 27, 28), galvanometry 29, 30, 31, fluorometry 32, 33, 34, 35, optical polarimetry 36 ʻili o ka plasmon resonance.37, Fabry-Perot cavity 38, electrochemistry 39 a me capillary electrophoresis 40,41 a pēlā aku.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau ʻano hana e pono ai i nā lako makamae, a ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i ka glucose ma kekahi mau nanomolar concentrations he paʻakikī (no ka laʻana, no nā ana photometric21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka glucose).ʻO 30 nM wale nō ka palena i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā nanoparticles polū Prussian e like me peroxidase mimics).Pono pinepine ʻia ka nānā ʻana o ka glucose nanomolar no nā haʻawina kelepona pae molecular e like me ka pale ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi prostate kanaka42 a me ke ʻano hoʻoponopono CO2 o Prochlorococcus i ke kai.