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I loko o kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua hoʻomohala ʻia kahi ala no ka hoʻoholo like ʻana o nā phenols volatile, cyanides, anionic surfactants a me ka amonia nitrogen i loko o ka wai inu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hoʻoponopono kahe.Hoʻopili mua ʻia nā laʻana ma 145°C.Hoʻopili ka phenol i loko o ka distillate me ka ferricyanide kumu a me ka 4-aminoantipyrine e hana i kahi ʻulaʻula paʻakikī, i ana ʻia i ka colorimetrically ma 505 nm.Hoʻopili ka cyanide i loko o ka distillate me ka chloramine T e hana i ka cyanochloride, a laila hana i ka paʻakikī polū me ka waika pyridinecarboxylic, i ana ʻia me ka colorimetrically ma 630 nm.Hoʻopili nā mea surfactants anionic me ka polū methylene kumu e hana ai i pūhui i unuhi ʻia me ka chloroform a holoi ʻia me ka methylene blue ʻakika e wehe i nā mea hoʻopilikia.Ua hoʻoholo ʻia nā hui ʻulaʻula i loko o ka chloroform i ka colorimetrically ma 660 nm.I loko o kahi kaiapuni alkaline me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o 660 nm, hoʻopili ka ammonia me ka salicylate a me ka chlorine i loko o ka waikawa dichloroisocyanuric e hana i ka uliuli indophenol ma 37 °C.Ma ka nui o ka nui o nā phenols a me nā cyanides i loko o ka laulā o 2-100 µg/l, ʻo 0.75–6.10% a me 0.36–5.41% ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana, a ʻo 96.2–103.6% a me 96.0-102.4% ka hoʻihoʻi. .%.ʻO ka helu hoʻohui laina ≥ 0.9999, nā palena o ka ʻike ʻana he 1.2 µg/L a me 0.9 µg/L.ʻO 0.27-4.86% a me 0.33-5.39% ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana mai 93.7-107.0% a me 94.4-101.7%.Ma kahi nui o ka anionic surfactants a me ka amonia nitrogen 10 ~ 1000 μg / l.ʻO 0.9995 a me 0.9999 nā helu hoʻoponopono laina, ʻo nā palena ʻike he 10.7 µg/l a me 7.3 µg/l.ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa helu helu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke ʻano maʻamau o ka ʻāina.Mālama ke ala i ka manawa a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, loaʻa ka palena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pololei a me ka pololei, ka liʻiliʻi o ka contamination, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā laʻana leo nui.
ʻO nā phenols volatile, cyanides, anionic surfactants a me ammonium nitrogen1 he mau hōʻailona o nā mea organoleptic, kino a me nā mea metalloid i ka wai inu.ʻO nā pūhui Phenolic nā poloka kūkulu kemika kumu no nā noi he nui, akā ʻo ka phenol a me kāna mau homologues he mea ʻawaʻawa a paʻakikī hoʻi i ka biodegrade.Hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou i loko o nā kaʻina hana ʻenehana a lilo i mea haumia maʻamau2,3.Hiki ke komo i loko o ke kino ma o ka ʻili a me nā ʻōpū hanu.ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou e nalowale i kā lākou ʻawaʻawa i ka wā detoxification ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ke kino o ke kanaka, a laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka mimi.Eia nō naʻe, ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hiki ke detoxification maʻamau o ke kino, hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻāpana keu i loko o nā ʻāpana like ʻole a me nā ʻiʻo, e alakaʻi ana i ka lāʻau ʻawaʻawa, ka poʻo poʻo, ka ʻūlū, ka ʻili ʻili, ka hopohopo noʻonoʻo, anemia, a me nā hōʻailona neurological like ʻole 4, 5, 6,7.He pōʻino loa ka Cyanide, akā pālahalaha ma ke ʻano.Nui nā meaʻai a me nā mea kanu i loko o ka cyanide, hiki ke hana ʻia e kekahi bacteria, fungi a i ʻole algae8,9.I nā huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe e like me nā shampoos a me nā holoi kino, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā anionic surfactants e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana no ka mea hāʻawi lākou i kēia mau huahana me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lather a me ka maikaʻi e ʻimi nei nā mea kūʻai.Eia naʻe, hiki i ka nui o nā surfactants ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻili10,11.Aia i loko o ka wai inu, ka wai lepo, ka wai ʻili a me ka wai ʻino i loko o ke ʻano o ka ammonia manuahi (NH3) a me nā paʻakai ammonium (NH4+), i kapa ʻia ʻo ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N).ʻO nā huahana decomposition o ka naikokene i loko o ka wai ʻōpala hale e nā microorganism mai ka wai ʻino ʻoihana e like me ka coking a me ka ammonia synthetic, ʻo ia kahi ʻāpana o ka nitrogen ammoniacal i loko o ka wai12,13,14.Nui nā ʻano, me ka spectrophotometry15,16,17, chromatography18,19,20,21 a me ka hoʻoheheʻe kahe15,22,23,24 hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e ana i kēia mau mea haumia ʻehā i ka wai.Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka spectrophotometry ka mea kaulana loa1.Ua hoʻohana kēia haʻawina i ʻehā mau ʻano ʻāpana ʻelua e loiloi i nā phenols volatile, cyanides, anionic surfactants, a me nā sulfides.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi AA500 hoʻomau kahe ana (SEAL, Kelemānia), kahi kaulike uila SL252 (Shanghai Mingqiao Electronic Instrument Factory, Kina), a me kahi mika wai ultrapure Milli-Q (Merck Millipore, USA).ʻO nā kemika a pau i hoʻohana ʻia ma kēia hana, no ka helu analytical, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka wai deionized i nā hoʻokolohua āpau.Ua kūʻai ʻia ka waika Hydrochloric, ka sulfuric acid, ka phosphoric acid, ka boric acid, chloroform, ethanol, sodium tetraborate, isonicotinic acid a me 4-aminoantipyrine mai Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Kina).Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo Triton X-100, sodium hydroxide a me potassium chloride mai Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Kina).ʻO ka potassium ferricyanide, ka sodium nitroprusside, ka sodium salicylate a me ka N, N-dimethylformamide i hāʻawi ʻia e Tianjin Tianli Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Kina).Ua kūʻai ʻia ka potassium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, pyrazolone a me methylene blue trihydrate mai Tianjin Kemiou Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Kina).Ua kūʻai ʻia ʻo Trisodium citrate dihydrate, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether a me ka sodium dichloroisocyanurate mai Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Kina).Ua kūʻai ʻia nā mea hoʻonā maʻamau o nā phenols volatile, cyanides, anionic surfactants, a me aqueous amonia nitrogen mai ka China Institute of Metrology.
Distillation Reagent: E hoʻoheheʻe i 160 ml o ka phosphoric acid i 1000 ml me ka wai deionized.Hoʻopaʻa mālama: E kaupaona i 9 g o ka waikawa boric, 5 g o ka sodium hydroxide a me 10 g o ka potassium chloride a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i 1000 ml me ka wai deionized.Absorption Reagent (hōʻano hou i kēlā me kēia pule): E ana pono i 200 ml stock buffer, hoʻohui i 1 ml 50% Triton X-100 (v/v, Triton X-100/ethanol) a hoʻohana ma hope o ka kānana ʻana ma o ka membrane kānana 0.45 µm.Potassium ferricyanide (hōʻano hou i kēlā me kēia pule): E kaupaona i ka 0.15 g o ka potassium ferricyanide a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o 200 ml o ka buffer mālama, hoʻohui i 1 ml o 50% Triton X-100, kānana ma o ka membrane kānana 0.45 µm ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana.4-Aminoantipyrine (hōʻano hou i kēlā me kēia pule): E kaupaona i ka 0.2 g o 4-aminoantipyrine a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o 200 ml o ka mea hoʻopaʻa waiwai, hoʻohui i 1 ml o 50% Triton X-100, kānana ma o kahi membrane kānana 0.45 µm.
Reagent no ka distillation: phenol volatile.ʻO ka hopena pale: E kaupaona i 3 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 g disodium hydrogen phosphate a me 3 g trisodium citrate dihydrate a hoʻoheheʻe i 1000 ml me ka wai deionized.A laila hoʻohui i 2 ml o 50% Triton X-100.Chloramine T: Kauona 0.2 g o ka chloramine T a dilute i 200 ml me ka wai deionized.Chromogenic reagent: Chromogenic reagent A: Hoʻopau loa i ka 1.5 g o ka pyrazolone i 20 ml o N,N-dimethylformamide.Mea hoʻomohala B: E hoʻoheheʻe i 3.5 g o ka waikawa hisonicotinic a me 6 ml o 5 M NaOH i 100 ml o ka wai deionized.E hoʻohui i ka mea hoʻomohala A a me ka mea hoʻomohala B ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, e hoʻoponopono i ka pH i 7.0 me ka solution NaOH a i ʻole HCl solution, a laila e hoʻoheheʻe i 200 ml me ka wai deionized a me kāna kānana no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma hope.
ʻO ka hopena pale: E hoʻonā i ka 10 g sodium tetraborate a me 2 g sodium hydroxide i ka wai deionized a hoʻoheheʻe i 1000 ml.0.025% methylene blue solution: E hoʻoheheʻe i 0.05 g o ka methylene blue trihydrate i loko o ka wai deionized a hiki i ka 200 ml.Methylene blue stock buffer (hōʻano hou i kēlā me kēia lā): hoʻoheheʻe 20 ml o 0.025% methylene blue solution i 100 ml me ke kumu paʻa.E hoʻoneʻe i kahi funnel kaʻawale, holoi me 20 ml o ka chloroform, e hoʻolei i ka chloroform i hoʻohana ʻia a holoi me ka chloroform hou a hiki i ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻulaʻula o ka papa chloroform (maʻamau 3 mau manawa), a laila kānana.Polu Methylene Kumu: E hoʻoheheʻe i 60 ml i kānana ʻia i ka wai puna methylene polū i 200 ml ka hopena waiwai, e hoʻohui i 20 ml ethanol, e hui maikaʻi a me ka degas.Acid methylene blue: Hoʻohui i 2 ml o 0.025% methylene blue solution ma kahi o 150 ml o ka wai deionized, hoʻohui i 1.0 ml o 1% H2SO4 a laila hoʻoheheʻe i 200 ml me ka wai deionized.A laila e hoʻohui i 80 ml o ka ethanol, e hui maikaʻi a me ka degas.
20% polyoxyethylene lauryl ether solution: E kaupaona i 20 g o polyoxyethylene lauryl ether a hoʻoheheʻe i 1000 ml me ka wai deionized.Buffer: E kaupaona i 20 g o ka trisodium citrate, e hoʻoheheʻe i 500 ml me ka wai deionized a hoʻohui i 1.0 ml o 20% polyoxyethylene lauryl ether.Sodium salicylate solution (hōʻano hou i kēlā me kēia pule): E kaupaona i 20 g sodium salicylate a me 0.5 g potassium ferricyanide nitrite a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o 500 ml o ka wai deionized.Sodium dichloroisocyanurate solution (hōʻano hou i kēlā me kēia pule): E kaupaona i 10 g sodium hydroxide a me 1.5 g sodium dichloroisocyanurate a hoʻoheheʻe iā lākou i 500 ml o ka wai deionized.
Hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā kūlana phenol a me ka cyanide e like me nā hopena o 0 µg/l, 2 µg/l, 5 µg/l, 10 µg/l, 25 µg/l, 50 µg/l, 75 µg/l a me 100 µg/l, me ka hoʻohana ʻana. 0.01 M ka hoʻonā sodium hydroxide.Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka mea haʻahaʻa anionic a me ka ammonia nitrogen me ka wai deionized 0 µg/L, 10 µg/L, 50 µg/L, 100 µg/L, 250 µg/L, 500 µg/L, 750 µg/L a me 1000 µg/L. .hoʻonā.
E hoʻomaka i ka pahu hoʻomaha hoʻomaha, a laila (i ke kauoha) e hoʻohuli i ka kamepiula, sampler a me ka mana i ka host AA500, e nānā i ka pili pono ʻana o ka paipu, e hoʻokomo i ka hose ea i loko o ka valve air, e pani i ka pā kaomi o ka pā peristaltic, e kau i ka paipu reagent i loko o ka wai maʻemaʻe i waenakonu.E holo i ka lako polokalamu, e ho'ā i ka puka aniani e pili ana a e nānā inā pili paʻa nā paipu hoʻohui a inā he mau hakahaka a i ʻole lewa lewa.Inā ʻaʻohe leakage, aspirate i ka reagent kūpono.Ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana o ka papa kuhikuhi o ka puka aniani, koho a holo i ke ʻano faila no ka ʻike ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana.Hōʻike ʻia nā kūlana mea hana ma ka Papa 1.
Ma kēia ʻano hana maʻalahi no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka phenol a me ka cyanide, ua hoʻoheheʻe mua ʻia nā laʻana ma 145 °C.Hoʻopili ka phenol i loko o ka distillate me ka ferricyanide kumu a me ka 4-aminoantipyrine e hana i kahi ʻulaʻula paʻakikī, i ana ʻia i ka colorimetrically ma 505 nm.Hoʻopili ka cyanide i loko o ka distillate me ka chloramine T e hana i ka cyanochloride, ka mea i hana i ka paʻakikī polū me ka waika pyridinecarboxylic, i ana ʻia i ka colorimetrically ma 630 nm.Hoʻopili nā mea surfactants anionic me ka polū methylene kumu e hana i nā pūhui i unuhi ʻia me ka chloroform a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e kahi mea hoʻokaʻawale.Holoi ʻia ka māhele chloroform me ka methylene blue ʻakika e wehe i nā mea hoʻopilikia a hoʻokaʻawale hou i kahi mea hoʻokaʻawale ʻelua.ʻO ka hoʻoholo kala ʻana o nā pūhui polū i loko o ka chloroform ma 660 nm.Ma muli o ka hopena Berthelot, hoʻopili ka amonia me ka salicylate a me ka chlorine i loko o ka waikawa dichloroisocyanuric i loko o kahi ʻano alkaline ma 37 °C e hana i ka indophenol blue.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium nitroprusside ma ke ʻano he catalyst i ka hopena, a ua ana ʻia ke kala i loaʻa ma 660 nm.Hōʻike ʻia ke kumu o kēia ʻano hana ma ka Figure 1.
Kiʻikuhi Schematic o kahi ʻano laʻana hoʻomau no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā phenols volatile, cyanides, anionic surfactants a me ka nitrogen ammoniacal.
ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o nā phenols volatile a me nā cyanides mai ka 2 a hiki i ka 100 µg/l, ka huina hoʻoponopono laina 1.000, ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻihoʻi y = (3.888331E + 005)x + (9.938599E + 003).ʻO ka helu hoʻopili no ka cyanide he 1.000 a ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻihoʻi ʻana ʻo y = (3.551656E + 005)x + (9.951319E + 003).ʻO ka surfactant Anionic kahi hilinaʻi laina maikaʻi i ka neʻe ʻana o ka amonia nitrogen ma ka laulā o 10-1000 µg/L.He 0.9995 a me 0.9999 ka huina hoopili no na mea hookuonoono anionic a me ka naikokene ammonia.Nā hoʻohālikelike hoʻihoʻi: y = (2.181170E + 004)x + (1.144847E + 004) a me y = (2.375085E + 004)x + (9.631056E + 003), kēlā me kēia.Ua ana mau ʻia ka hāpana hoʻomalu i nā manawa 11, a ua māhele ʻia ka palena o ka ʻike ʻana o ke ʻano e 3 mau ʻokoʻa maʻamau o ka hāpana hoʻomalu ma ka pali o ka pihi maʻamau.He 1.2 µg/l, 0.9 µg/l, 10.7 µg/l, a me 7.3 µg/l, a me 7.3 µg/l ka palena o ka ike no na phenols, cyanides, anionic surfactants.He haʻahaʻa ka palena ʻike ma mua o ke ʻano hana maʻamau o ka ʻāina, e ʻike i ka Papa 2 no nā kikoʻī.
Hoʻohui i nā haʻina haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, waena, a haʻahaʻa i nā laʻana wai me ka ʻole o nā ʻano analytes.Ua helu ʻia ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana a me ka pololei o ka lā intraday a me ka lā ma hope o nā ana ʻehiku.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 3, ʻo ka intraday a me ka intraday volatile phenol extractions he 98.0-103.6% a me 96.2-102.0%, i kēlā me kēia, me ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau pili o 0.75-2.80% a me 1. 27-6.10%.ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka cyanide intraday a me interday he 101.0-102.0% a me 96.0-102.4%, a ʻo ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau pili ʻo 0.36-2.26% a me 2.36-5.41%.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka unuhi ʻana o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe anionic i loko o ka lā a me ka interday he 94.3-107.0% a me 93.7-101.6%, me ka hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau o 0.27-0.96% a me 4.44-4.86%.ʻO ka hope loa, ʻo ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka ammonia nitrogen intra- a me waena o nā lā he 98.0–101.7% a me 94.4–97.8%, me nā ʻokoʻa maʻamau pili o 0.33–3.13% a me 4.45–5.39%, kēlā me kēia.e like me ka hoike ma ka Papa 3.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau ʻano hoʻāʻo, me ka spectrophotometry15,16,17 a me chromatography25,26, e ana i nā mea haumia ʻehā i ka wai.ʻO ka spectrophotometry kemika kahi ala noiʻi hou no ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau mea haumia, i koi ʻia e nā kūlana aupuni 27, 28, 29, 30, 31. Pono ia i nā ʻanuʻu e like me ka distillation a me ka unuhi ʻana, e hopena i kahi kaʻina lōʻihi me ka lawa ʻole o ka naʻau a me ka pololei.Maikaʻi, ʻino ka pololei.ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā kemika organik hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ke olakino i nā mea hoʻokolohua.ʻOiai ʻo ka chromatography he wikiwiki, maʻalahi, maikaʻi, a haʻahaʻa nā palena ʻike, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike i nā pūhui ʻehā i ka manawa like.Eia nō naʻe, hoʻohana ʻia nā kūlana ikaika ʻole equilibrium i ka loiloi kemika me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka spectrophotometry kahe mau, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kahe mau ʻana o ke kinoea i ka wā kahe o ka hāpana hāpana, e hoʻohui i nā reagents i nā ratio kūpono a me nā kaʻina i ka wā e hoʻopau ai i ka hopena ma o ka loop hui. a me ka ʻike ʻana iā ia ma ka spectrophotometer, e wehe mua ana i nā ʻōhū ea.No ka mea, ʻakomi ke kaʻina hana ʻike, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā laʻana a kiʻi ʻia ma ka pūnaewele ma kahi wahi paʻa.Hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ke ʻano hana, hoʻemi hou i ka manawa ʻike, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā hana, hoʻemi i ka contamination reagent, hoʻonui i ka naʻau a me ka palena ʻike o ke ʻano.
ʻO ka anionic surfactant a me ka amonia nitrogen i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka huahana hoʻāʻo hui ʻia ma kahi ʻano o 250 µg/L.E hoʻohana i ka mea maʻamau no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka phenol a me ka cyanide i ka mea hoʻāʻo ma ke ʻano o 10 µg/L.No ka nānā ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hana maʻamau a me kēia ʻano hana (6 mau hoʻokolohua parallel).Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hopena o nā ʻano ʻelua me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi t-test kūʻokoʻa.E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Papa 4, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā ala ʻelua (P> 0.05).
Ua hoʻohana kēia haʻawina i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kahe mau no ka ʻike like ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā phenols volatile, cyanides, anionic surfactants a me ka amonia nitrogen.Hōʻike nā hopena hōʻike i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ka laʻana i hoʻohana ʻia e ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kahe mau ma mua o ke ʻano maʻamau o ka ʻāina.Loaʻa iā ia nā palena ʻike haʻahaʻa, hoʻohana i ka 80% ka liʻiliʻi o nā reagents, pono ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa kaʻina no kēlā me kēia laʻana, a hoʻohana i ka chloroform carcinogenic liʻiliʻi loa.Hoʻohui ʻia ka hoʻoili ʻana ma ka pūnaewele.ʻO ke kahe hoʻomau e hoʻomoʻi maʻalahi i nā reagents a me nā laʻana, a laila hui pū ʻia ma ke kaapuni hui ʻana, hoʻomaʻamaʻa aunoa, unuhi a helu me ka colorimetry.Hana ʻia ke kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana paʻa, e wikiwiki ana i ka manawa loiloi, e hōʻemi i ka pollution kaiapuni, a kōkua i ka palekana o nā mea hoʻokolohua.ʻAʻole pono nā ʻanuʻu hana paʻakikī e like me ka distillation manual a me ka unuhi ʻana22,32.Eia nō naʻe, paʻakikī nā paipu mea kani a me nā mea pono, a ua hoʻopili ʻia nā hopena hōʻike e nā kumu he nui i hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōnaehana.Nui nā ʻanuʻu koʻikoʻi hiki iā ʻoe ke hana e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o kāu mau hopena a pale i ka hoʻopilikia ʻana i kāu hoʻokolohua.(1) Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka waiwai pH o ka hopena i ka wā e hoʻoholo ai i nā phenols volatile a me nā cyanides.Pono ka pH ma kahi o 2 ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ka coil distillation.Ma ka pH> 3, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia nā amine ʻala, a hiki i ka hopena me 4-aminoantipyrine ke hāʻawi i nā hewa.Eia kekahi ma ka pH > 2.5, ʻo ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o K3[Fe(CN)6] e emi iho ma mua o 90%.Hiki i nā laʻana me ka paʻakai ma mua o 10 g/l ke hoʻopaʻa i ka coil distillation a hoʻopilikia i nā pilikia.I kēia hihia, pono e hoʻohui i ka wai hou e hōʻemi i ka paʻakai o ka hāpana33.(2) Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hoʻopili i ka ʻike ʻana o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe anionic: Hiki i nā kemika Cationic ke hana i nā paʻa ion ikaika me nā surfactants anionic.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hopena i mua o: ka nui o ka waiuma humic ma mua o 20 mg/l;pūhui me ka hana ʻili kiʻekiʻe (e laʻa me nā surfactants ʻē aʻe) > 50 mg/l;nā mea me ka hiki ke ho'ēmi ikaika (SO32-, S2O32- a me OCl- );nā mea e hana ai i nā molekala kala, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka chloroform me kekahi reagent;kekahi mau anion inorganic (chloride, bromide a me nitrate) i loko o ka wai ʻōpala34,35.(3) I ka helu ʻana i ka naikokene amonia, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā amine kaumaha haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, no ka mea, ua like kā lākou hopena me ka amonia, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hopena.Hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia inā aia ka pH o ka hui ʻana ma lalo o 12.6 ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o nā haʻina reagent.ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe waika nui a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke kumu i kēia.ʻO nā ion metala e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma ke ʻano he hydroxides ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe hiki ke alakaʻi i ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka reproducibility36,37.
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ke kahe ana o ke ʻano no ka hoʻoholo like ʻana o nā phenols volatile, cyanides, anionic surfactants a me ka amonia nitrogen i loko o ka wai inu he linearity maikaʻi, palena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, pololei a me ka hoʻihoʻi.ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi me ke ʻano maʻamau ʻāina.Hāʻawi kēia ʻano hana i kahi ala wikiwiki, paʻakikī, pololei a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻohana no ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻano wai.He kūpono loa ia no ka ʻike ʻana i ʻehā mau ʻāpana i ka manawa like, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike.
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-22-2023