ʻO AISI 304/304L ʻĀpana kila kila kila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Algorithm Honeybee.

Mahalo no kou kipa ʻana iā Nature.com.Ke hoʻohana nei ʻoe i kahi polokalamu kele pūnaewele me ke kākoʻo CSS palena ʻole.No ka ʻike maikaʻi loa, manaʻo mākou e hoʻohana i kahi polokalamu kele pūnaewele hou (a i ʻole e hoʻopau i ke ʻano Compatibility Mode ma Internet Explorer).Eia kekahi, e hōʻoia i ke kākoʻo mau, hōʻike mākou i ka pūnaewele me ka ʻole o nā styles a me JavaScript.
ʻO nā slider e hōʻike ana i ʻekolu ʻatikala ma kēlā me kēia paheʻe.E hoʻohana i nā pihi hope a i hope no ka neʻe ʻana i nā paheʻe, a i ʻole nā ​​pihi hoʻokele paheʻe ma ka hopena e neʻe i kēlā me kēia paheʻe.

AISI 304/304L paipu i hoʻopili ʻia me ke kila kila

ʻO AISI 304 stainless steel coil he huahana āpau me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa a kūpono ia no nā ʻano noi like ʻole e koi ai i ka formability maikaʻi a me ka weldability.

Sheye Metal waihona 304 coils ma 0.3mm a hiki i 16mm mānoanoa a me 2B pau, BA pau, No.4 pau i loaʻa mau.

Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻano ʻano ʻekolu, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka wili kila stainless 304 me nā ʻano like ʻole.Loaʻa nā metala ʻelua Cr (maʻa mau 18%) a me ka nickel (maʻamau 8%) ma ke ʻano he mea hao ʻole ka papa 304.

ʻO kēia ʻano coils he kila kila austenitic maʻamau, no ka ʻohana kila kila Cr-Ni maʻamau.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou no ka ʻohana a me nā mea kūʻai aku, nā lako kīhini, nā pale o loko a me waho, nā lima lima, a me nā puka makani, nā meaʻai a me nā mea inu mea inu, nā pahu mālama.

I loko o kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka torsion a me nā pūnāwai hoʻopiʻi o ka mīkini peʻe ʻēheu i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka rocket he pilikia optimization.Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o ka rocket i ka paipu hoʻomaka, pono e wehe ʻia nā ʻēheu i pani ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia no kekahi manawa.ʻO ka pahuhopu o ke aʻo ʻana ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikehu i mālama ʻia i loko o nā pūnāwai i hiki i nā ʻēheu ke kau i ka manawa pōkole loa.I kēia hihia, ua wehewehe ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike ikehu ma nā paʻi ʻelua ma ke ʻano he hana pahuhopu i ke kaʻina hana optimization.ʻO ke anawaena uea, ke anawaena coil, ka helu o nā wili, a me nā ʻāpana deflection i koi ʻia no ka hoʻolālā puna i wehewehe ʻia he mau loli optimization.Aia nā palena geometric i nā mea hoʻololi ma muli o ka nui o ka mīkini, a me nā palena o ka mea palekana ma muli o ka ukana i lawe ʻia e nā pūnāwai.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka algorithm honey bee (BA) no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia pilikia optimization a hana i ka hoʻolālā puna.ʻOi aku ka waiwai o ka ikehu i loaʻa me BA ma mua o nā mea i loaʻa mai nā haʻawina Design of Experiments (DOE) mua.ʻO nā pūnāwai a me nā mīkini i hoʻolālā ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻāpana i loaʻa mai ka optimization i nānā mua ʻia ma ka papahana ADAMS.Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā pūnāwai i hana ʻia i nā mīkini maoli.Ma muli o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana, ua ʻike ʻia ua wehe ʻia nā ʻēheu ma hope o 90 milliseconds.Aia kēia waiwai ma lalo o ka pahuhopu o 200ms.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā hopena analytical a me nā hopena hoʻokolohua he 16 ms wale nō.
I nā mokulele a me nā kaʻa moana, he mea koʻikoʻi nā mīkini pelu.Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau ʻōnaehana i ka hoʻololi a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka mokulele e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana lele a me ka mana.Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka lele ʻana, pelu a wehe ʻokoʻa nā ʻēheu e hōʻemi i ka hopena aerodynamic1.Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia kūlana me ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻēheu o kekahi mau manu a me nā inike i ka lele ʻana a me ka luʻu ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā.Pēlā nō hoʻi, pelu a wehe ʻia nā mea lele i loko o nā submersibles e hōʻemi i nā hopena hydrodynamic a hoʻonui i ka lawelawe ʻana3.ʻO kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe o kēia mau hana ʻo ia ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā pono volumetric i nā ʻōnaehana e like me ka pelu ʻana o kahi helicopter propeller 4 no ka mālama ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana.Piʻi pū nā ʻēheu o ka rocket i lalo e hōʻemi i kahi waiho.No laila, hiki ke kau ʻia nā missiles hou aku ma kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka mea hoʻolaha 5. ʻO nā mea i hoʻohana pono ʻia i ka pelu ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana he mau puna.I ka manawa o ka pelu ʻana, mālama ʻia ka ikehu i loko a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka manawa o ka wehe ʻana.Ma muli o kona ʻano maʻalahi, mālama ʻia a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ikehu e hoʻohālikelike ʻia.Hoʻolālā nui ʻia ka pūnāwai no ka ʻōnaehana, a ke hōʻike nei kēia hoʻolālā i kahi pilikia optimization6.No ka mea, ʻoiai e komo ana nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ke anawaena uwea, ke anawaena coil, ka helu o nā huli, ke kihi helix a me ke ʻano o nā mea, aia kekahi mau pae hoʻohālike e like me ka nuipaʻa, ka nui, ka hāʻawi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe7.
Hōʻike kēia haʻawina i ka hoʻolālā a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pūnāwai no nā mīkini pelu ʻēheu i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana rocket.Aia i loko o ka paipu hoʻokuʻu ma mua o ka lele ʻana, ua pelu ʻia nā ʻēheu ma ka ʻili o ka pōhaku, a ma hope o ka puka ʻana o ka paipu hoʻomaka, wehe lākou no kekahi manawa a paʻa mau i ka ʻili.He mea koʻikoʻi kēia kaʻina hana i ka hana kūpono o ka rocket.I loko o ka mīkini hoʻopili i hoʻomohala ʻia, lawe ʻia ka wehe ʻana o nā ʻēheu e nā pūnāwai torsion, a lawe ʻia ka laka e nā pūnāwai kaomi.No ka hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi pūnāwai kūpono, pono e hana ʻia kahi kaʻina hana optimization.I loko o ka punawai optimization, aia nā noi like ʻole i ka palapala.
Ua wehewehe ʻo Paredes et al.8 i ka helu ola luhi ʻoi loa ma ke ʻano he hana pahuhopu no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā pūnāwai helical a hoʻohana i ke ʻano quasi-Newtonian ma ke ʻano he ʻano loiloi.Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hoʻololi i ka loiloi ʻana e like me ke anawaena uwea, ke anawaena coil, ka helu o nā huli, a me ka lōʻihi o ka puna.ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻolālā puna ka mea i hana ʻia ai.No laila, ua noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia i ka hoʻolālā ʻana a me nā haʻawina optimization.Zebdi et al.9 hoʻonoho i nā pahuhopu o ka ʻoʻoleʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha liʻiliʻi ma ka hana pahuhopu i kā lākou haʻawina, kahi i koʻikoʻi ai ke kumu kaumaha.I kēia hihia, ua wehewehe lākou i ka mea puna a me nā waiwai geometric e like me nā loli.Hoʻohana lākou i kahi genetic algorithm e like me ke ʻano o ka optimization.Ma ka ʻoihana kaʻa, pono ke kaumaha o nā mea i nā ʻano he nui, mai ka hana kaʻa a hiki i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie.ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kaumaha ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā pūnāwai coil no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana he haʻawina kaulana10.Ua ʻike ʻo Bahshesh a me Bahshesh11 i nā mea e like me ka E-glass, carbon a me Kevlar ma ke ʻano he mau mea hoʻololi i kā lākou hana ma ke kaiapuni ANSYS me ka pahuhopu o ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kaumaha haʻahaʻa a me ka ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻano hoʻolālā hoʻolālā punawai hoʻomaha.He mea koʻikoʻi ke kaʻina hana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pūnāwai hui.No laila, komo nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole i loko o kahi pilikia optimization, e like me ke ʻano hana, nā ʻanuʻu i hana ʻia i ke kaʻina hana, a me ke kaʻina o ia mau ʻanuʻu12,13.I ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā pūnāwai no nā ʻōnaehana ikaika, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā alapine kūlohelohe o ka ʻōnaehana.Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka alapine maoli mua o ka pūnāwai ma kahi o 5-10 mau manawa i ka alapine maoli o ka ʻōnaehana e pale ai i ka resonance14.Taktak et al.Ua hoʻoholo ʻo 7 e hoʻemi i ka nui o ka pūnāwai a hoʻonui i ke alapine kūlohelohe mua ma ke ʻano he hana pahuhopu i ka hoʻolālā puna coil.Ua hoʻohana lākou i ka ʻimi kumu, ka ʻaoʻao o loko, ka hoʻonohonoho hana, a me nā ʻano hana algorithm genetic i loko o ka hāmeʻa optimization Matlab.ʻO ka noiʻi analytical kekahi ʻāpana o ka noiʻi hoʻolālā punawai, a kaulana ka Finite Element Method ma kēia wahi15.Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Patil et al.16 i kahi ʻano loiloi no ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha o kahi puna helical compression me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana analytical a hoʻāʻo i nā hoʻohālikelike analytical me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano mea palena.ʻO ke kumu ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pono o ka pūnāwai ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikehu hiki ke mālama.Hoʻomaopopo pū kēia hihia i ka mālama ʻana o ka puna i kona pono no ka manawa lōʻihi.ʻO Rahul lāua ʻo Rameshkumar17 E ʻimi e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka pūnāwai a hoʻonui i ka ikehu kaʻa i nā hoʻolālā puna wai coil kaʻa.Ua hoʻohana pū lākou i nā genetic algorithms i ka noiʻi optimization.
E like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana i ka noiʻi optimization mai kahi ʻōnaehana i ka ʻōnaehana.Ma keʻano laulā, he mea nui ka ʻoʻoleʻa a me ke koʻikoʻi shear i loko o kahi ʻōnaehana kahi i lawe ʻia ai ka mea hoʻoholo.Hoʻokomo ʻia ke koho waiwai i loko o ka ʻōnaehana palena kaumaha me kēia mau ʻāpana ʻelua.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, nānā ʻia nā alapine kūlohelohe e pale i nā resonances i nā ʻōnaehana ikaika loa.I nā ʻōnaehana e pono ai ka pono, hoʻonui ʻia ka ikehu.Ma nā haʻawina hoʻonui, ʻoiai ua hoʻohana ʻia ka FEM no nā noiʻi analytical, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā algorithm metaheuristic e like me ka genetic algorithm14,18 a me ka grey wolf algorithm19 i hoʻohana pū ʻia me ke ʻano Newton maʻamau i loko o ka laulā o kekahi mau palena.Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā algorithm metaheuristic ma muli o nā ʻano hoʻololi kūlohelohe e hoʻokokoke ana i ka mokuʻāina maikaʻi loa i kahi manawa pōkole, ʻoi loa ma lalo o ka mana o ka heluna20,21.Me ka puunaue like ole o ka heluna kanaka ma ka wahi huli, pale lakou i ka optima kūloko a nee aku i ka honua optima22.No laila, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka pōʻaiapili o nā pilikia ʻoihana maoli23,24.
ʻO ka hihia koʻikoʻi no ka mīkini pelu i hoʻomohala ʻia i kēia haʻawina ʻo ia ka wehe ʻana o nā ʻēheu, i pani ʻia ma mua o ka lele ʻana, i kekahi manawa ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka paipu.Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻopaʻa ka mea laka i ka ʻēheu.No laila, ʻaʻole pili pono nā pūnāwai i ka lele lele.I kēia hihia, ʻo ka pahuhopu o ka optimization ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikehu i mālama ʻia e hoʻolalelale i ka neʻe ʻana o ka pūnāwai.ʻO ke anawaena o ka ʻōwili, ke anawaena uea, ka helu o nā ʻōwili a me ka deflection i wehewehe ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana.Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka pūnāwai, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ke kaumaha he pahuhopu.No laila, ua wehewehe ʻia ke ʻano mea i paʻa.Hoʻoholo ʻia ka palena o ka palekana no nā deformations mechanical ma ke ʻano he palena koʻikoʻi.Eia kekahi, pili nā palena ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o ka mīkini.Ua koho ʻia ke ʻano metaheuristic BA ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻonui ʻana.Ua makemake ʻia ʻo BA no kona ʻano maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi, a no kona holomua ʻana i ka noiʻi hoʻomaikaʻi mechanical25.Ma ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ke aʻo ʻana, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā hōʻike makemakika kikoʻī i loko o ka hoʻolālā o ka hoʻolālā kumu a me ka hoʻolālā puna o ka mīkini pelu.Aia ka hapakolu o ka algorithm optimization a me nā hopena optimization.Mākaʻikaʻi ka Mokuna 4 i ka polokalamu ADAMS.ʻIke ʻia ke kūpono o nā pūnāwai ma mua o ka hana ʻana.Aia ka pauku hope i nā hopena hoʻokolohua a me nā kiʻi hoʻāʻo.Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hopena i loaʻa ma ke aʻo ʻana me ka hana mua a nā mea kākau e hoʻohana ana i ke ala DOE.
Pono nā ʻēheu i kūkulu ʻia ma kēia haʻawina e pelu i ka ʻili o ka pōhaku.Huli nā ʻēheu mai ka ʻoluʻolu ʻana i ke kūlana wehe.No kēia, ua kūkulu ʻia kahi mīkini kūikawā.Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ʻo 1 i ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻopili ʻia a wehe ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho rocket.
Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka 2 i kahi ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka mīkini.Aia ka mīkini i kekahi mau ʻāpana mechanical: (1) kino nui, (2) ʻēheu ʻēheu, (3) bearing, (4) kino laka, (5) lāʻau laka, (6) pani pani, (7) pūnāwai torsion a ( 8) nā pūnāwai kōmi.Hoʻopili ʻia ke kumu ʻēheu (2) i ka pūnāwai torsion (7) ma o ka lima laka (4).Hoʻololi like nā ʻāpana ʻekolu ma hope o ka lele ʻana o ka rocket.Me kēia neʻe ʻana, huli nā ʻēheu i ko lākou kūlana hope.Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻohana ʻia ka pine (6) e ka pūnāwai hoʻopaʻa (8), a laila e pale ana i ka mīkini holoʻokoʻa o ke kino laka (4)5.
ʻO ka modulus elastic (E) a me ka modulus shear (G) nā ʻāpana hoʻolālā koʻikoʻi o ka puna.Ma kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua koho ʻia ka uea kila puna kiʻekiʻe (Music wire ASTM A228) i mea puna.ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe he anawaena uwea (d), anawaena wili awelika (Dm), ka helu o nā wili (N) a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka puna (xd no nā pūnāwai kaomi a me θ no nā pūnāwai torsion)26.Hiki ke helu ʻia ka ikehu i mālama ʻia no nā pūnāwai kaomi \({(SE}_{x})\) a me ka torsion (\({SE}_{\theta}\)) mai ka hoohalike.(1) a me (2)26.(He 83.7E9 Pa ka waiwai o ka modulus shear (G) no ka punawai kaomi, a he 203.4E9 Pa ka waiwai elastic modulus (E) no ka puna torsion.
Hoʻoholo pololei nā ʻāpana mechanical o ka ʻōnaehana i nā palena geometric o ka pūnāwai.Eia kekahi, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā kūlana e kū ai ka rocket.Hoʻoholo kēia mau mea i nā palena o nā palena puna.ʻO kekahi palena koʻikoʻi ka mea palekana.Hōʻike ʻia ka wehewehe ʻana o kahi mea palekana e Shigley et al.26.Ua wehewehe ʻia ke kumu palekana puna wai (SFC) e like me ke koʻikoʻi ʻae ʻia i puʻunaue ʻia e ke koʻikoʻi ma luna o ka lōʻihi mau.Hiki ke helu ʻia ka SFC me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoohalike.(3), (4), (5) a me (6)26.(No ka punawai i hoʻohana ʻia ma kēia haʻawina, \({S}_{sy}=980 MPa\)).Hōʻike ka F i ka ikaika ma ka hoohalike a ʻo KB ka helu Bergstrasser o 26.
Ua wehewehe ʻia ke kumu palekana torsion o kahi pūnāwai (SFT) ʻo M i puʻunaue ʻia e k.Hiki ke helu 'ia ka SFT mai ka hoohalike.(7), (8), (9) a me (10)26.(No ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma kēia haʻawina, \({S}_{y}=1600 \mathrm{MPa}\)).Ma ka hoohalike, ua hoohanaia ka M no ka torque, \({k}^{^{\prime}}\) no ka puna mau (torque/rotation), a ua hoohanaia ke Ki no ke kumu hoopololei.
ʻO ka pahuhopu nui o kēia haʻawina e hoʻonui i ka ikehu o ka puna.Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hana pahuhopu e ʻimi i ka \(\overrightarrow{\{X\}}\) e hoʻonui i ka \(f(X)\).ʻO \({f}_{1}(X)\) a me \({f}_{2}(X)\) nā hana ikehu o ka pūnāwai kaomi a me ka torsion.Hōʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻololi i helu ʻia a me nā hana i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hoohalike.
Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa i kau ʻia ma ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka pūnāwai ma nā hoʻohālikelike aʻe.Hōʻike nā hoʻohālikelike (15) a me (16) i nā kumu palekana no nā pūnāwai kaomi a me ka torsion.Ma kēia haʻawina, ʻoi aku ka nui o SFC ma mua a i ʻole like me 1.2 a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka SFT ma mua o a i ʻole like me θ26.
Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ʻo BA e nā ʻano hana ʻimi pollen a ka nalo27.ʻImi nā nalo ma ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā mea ʻai hou aku i nā māla pollen momona a me nā mea ʻai liʻiliʻi i nā māla pollen momona ʻole.No laila, loaʻa ka hana maikaʻi loa mai ka heluna bee.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke hoʻomau nei ka nalo makaʻu i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā wahi pollen hou, a inā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka wā ma mua, e alakaʻi ʻia nā mea ʻai he nui i kēia wahi hou28.Aia ʻelua ʻāpana BA: ʻimi kūloko a me ka huli honua.Ke ʻimi nei kahi hulina kūloko i nā kaiāulu hou aʻe ma kahi o ka liʻiliʻi (nā paena elite), e like me ka nalo, a me ka liʻiliʻi ma nā pūnaewele ʻē aʻe (nā kahua kūpono a i ʻike ʻia paha).Hana ʻia kahi ʻimi ʻokoʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao huli honua, a inā loaʻa nā waiwai maikaʻi, neʻe ʻia nā kikowaena i ka ʻaoʻao ʻimi kūloko i ka wā e hiki mai ana.Aia i loko o ka algorithm kekahi mau ʻāpana: ka helu o nā scout bees (n), ka helu o nā wahi hulina kūloko (m), ka helu o nā pūnaewele elite (e), ka helu o nā foragers ma nā pūnaewele elite (nep), ka helu o nā foragers ma nā wahi kūpono.Paena (nsp), ka nui o ke kaiāulu (ngh), a me ka helu o nā hoʻololi (I)29.Hōʻike ʻia ka BA pseudocode ma ke Kiʻi 3.
Ho'āʻo ka algorithm e hana ma waena o \({g}_{1}(X)\) a me \({g}_{2}(X)\).Ma muli o kēlā me kēia hoʻololi, hoʻoholo ʻia nā waiwai maikaʻi loa a hōʻuluʻulu ʻia ka heluna kanaka a puni kēia mau waiwai i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e loaʻa nā waiwai maikaʻi loa.Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kapu ma nā ʻāpana hulina kūloko a me ka honua.Ma kahi hulina kūloko, inā kūpono kēia mau mea, helu ʻia ka waiwai o ka ikehu.Inā ʻoi aku ka waiwai o ka ikehu hou ma mua o ka waiwai maikaʻi, e hāʻawi i ka waiwai hou i ka waiwai maikaʻi loa.Inā ʻoi aku ka waiwai maikaʻi loa i loaʻa ma ka hopena hulina ma mua o ka mea o kēia manawa, e hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea hou i ka hōʻiliʻili.Hōʻike ʻia ke kiʻikuhi poloka o ka ʻimi kūloko ma ke Kiʻi 4.
ʻO ka heluna kanaka kekahi o nā palena nui ma BA.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai nā haʻawina mua ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka heluna kanaka e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o nā iterations e pono ai a hoʻonui i ka hiki ke kūleʻa.Eia naʻe, ke hoʻonui nei ka helu o nā loiloi hana.ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nui o nā pūnaewele elite ʻaʻole ia e pili nui i ka hana.Hiki ke haʻahaʻa ka helu o nā pūnaewele elite inā ʻaʻole zero30.ʻO ka nui o ka heluna kanaka pipi makaʻu (n) ke koho ʻia ma waena o 30 a me 100. Ma kēia haʻawina, ua holo ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ʻelua a me 50 e hoʻoholo ai i ka helu kūpono (Papa 2).Hoʻoholo ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe ma muli o ka heluna kanaka.ʻO ka helu o nā kahua i koho ʻia (m) ʻo (ma kahi o) 25% o ka nui o ka heluna kanaka, a ʻo ka helu o nā kahua elite (e) ma waena o nā wahi i koho ʻia he 25% o ka m.Ua koho ʻia ka helu o nā pi hānai (helu o nā hulina) he 100 no nā ʻāpana elite a me 30 no nā ʻāpana kūloko ʻē aʻe.ʻO ka ʻimi kaiāulu ka manaʻo kumu o nā algorithm evolutionary āpau.I kēia haʻawina, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano tapering neighbors.Hoʻemi kēia ʻano hana i ka nui o ke kaiāulu ma kekahi ʻano i kēlā me kēia hoʻololi.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā waiwai liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi 30 no kahi hulina pololei.
No kēlā me kēia hiʻohiʻona, ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua he ʻumi e nānā i ka reproducibility o ka algorithm optimization.Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka 5 i nā hopena o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka punawai torsion no ka papahana 1, a ma ka fig.6 – no ka papahana 2. Hāʻawi pū ʻia ka ʻikepili hoʻāʻo ma nā papa 3 a me 4 (ʻo kahi papa i loaʻa nā hopena i loaʻa no ka pūnāwai hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka ʻike hou S1).Hoʻoikaika ka heluna bee i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā waiwai maikaʻi i ka ʻike mua.Ma ka hiʻona 1, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hopena o kekahi mau hoʻokolohua.Ma ka Scenario 2, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke hoʻokokoke nei nā hopena optimization a pau i ka palena kiʻekiʻe ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka a me nā ʻāpana kūpono ʻē aʻe.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ua lawa nā waiwai i ka Scenario 2 no ka algorithm.
I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa o ka ikehu i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa, hāʻawi ʻia kahi mea palekana ma ke ʻano he kaohi no ke aʻo ʻana.E nānā i ka papa no ka mea palekana.Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā waiwai ikehu i loaʻa ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka BA me nā mea i loaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano 5 DOE ma ka Papa 5. (No ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana, ʻo ka helu o nā huli (N) o ka pūnāwai torsion he 4.9 ma kahi o 4.88, a me ka deflection (xd). ) he 8 mm ma kahi o 7.99 mm i loko o ka punawai hoʻoemi.) Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena.Loiloi ʻo BA i nā waiwai āpau ma o ka ʻimi kūloko a me ka honua.Ma kēia ala hiki iā ia ke hoʻāʻo i nā mea ʻē aʻe me ka wikiwiki.
Ma kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Adams e kālailai i ka neʻe ʻana o ka mīkini ʻēheu.Hāʻawi mua ʻia ʻo Adams i kahi hiʻohiʻona 3D o ka mīkini.A laila e wehewehe i kahi puna me nā ʻāpana i koho ʻia ma ka ʻāpana mua.Eia kekahi, pono e wehewehe ʻia kekahi mau ʻāpana ʻē aʻe no ka loiloi maoli.ʻO kēia nā ʻāpana kino e like me nā pili, nā waiwai waiwai, pili, friction, a me ka gravity.Aia kahi hui wili ma waena o ka ʻau maka a me ka bearing.Aia nā hui cylindrical 5-6.Aia he 5-1 mau hui paʻa.Hana ʻia ke kino nui i ka mea alumini a paʻa.ʻO ka mea o ke koena o nā ʻāpana he kila.E koho i ka coefficient o ka friction, ka ʻoʻoleʻa pili a me ka hohonu o ke komo ʻana o ka ʻili friction ma muli o ke ʻano o ka mea.(Sila ʻole AISI 304) Ma kēia haʻawina, ʻo ka palena koʻikoʻi ka manawa wehe o ka mīkini ʻēheu, pono e emi iho ma mua o 200 ms.No laila, e makaʻala i ka manawa wehe ʻēheu i ka wā o ka nānā ʻana.
Ma muli o ka nānā ʻana o Adams, ʻo ka manawa wehe o ka mīkini ʻēheu he 74 milliseconds.Hōʻike ʻia nā hopena o ka simulation dynamic mai ka 1 a hiki i ka 4 ma ka Figure 7. ʻO ke kiʻi mua ma ka Figure.ʻO 5 ka manawa hoʻomaka simulation a aia nā ʻēheu i ke kūlana kali no ka pelu ʻana.(2) Hōʻike i ke kūlana o ka ʻēheu ma hope o 40ms ke huli ka ʻēheu i 43 degere.(3) hōʻike i ke kūlana o ka ʻēheu ma hope o 71 milliseconds.Ma ke kiʻi hope loa (4) hōʻike i ka hopena o ka huli ʻana o ka ʻēheu a me ke kūlana hāmama.ʻO ka hopena o ka nānā ʻana i ka ikaika, ua ʻike ʻia he ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻēheu ma mua o ke kumu waiwai o 200 ms.Eia kekahi, i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā pūnāwai, ua koho ʻia nā palena palekana mai nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka palapala.
Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o nā hoʻolālā āpau, optimization a me nā haʻawina simulation, ua hana ʻia a hoʻohui ʻia kahi prototype o ka mīkini.A laila hoʻāʻo ʻia ka prototype e hōʻoia i nā hopena simulation.E hoʻopaʻa mua i ka pūpū nui a pelu i nā ʻēheu.A laila ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻēheu mai ke kūlana i hoʻopili ʻia a ua hana ʻia kahi wikiō o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻēheu mai ke kūlana i hoʻopili ʻia i ka mea i hoʻonohonoho ʻia.Ua hoʻohana pū ʻia ka manawa e nānā i ka manawa i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa wikiō ai.
Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ʻo 8 i nā kiʻi wikiō i helu ʻia 1-4.Hōʻike ka pahu helu 1 ma ke kiʻi i ka manawa o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā ʻēheu i pelu ʻia.Manaʻo ʻia kēia manawa ka manawa mua o ka manawa t0.Hōʻike ka papa 2 a me 3 i nā kūlana o nā ʻēheu 40 ms a me 70 ms ma hope o ka manawa mua.I ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi 3 a me 4, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻēheu i ka 90 ms ma hope o t0, a ua pau ka wehe ʻana o ka ʻēheu ma waena o 70 a me 90 ms.ʻO ke ʻano o kēia ʻano, ʻo ka simulation a me ka hoʻāʻo prototype e hāʻawi like i ka manawa hoʻoili ʻēheu like, a hoʻokō ka hoʻolālā i nā koi hana o ka mīkini.
Ma kēia ʻatikala, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka torsion a me nā pūnāwai kaomi i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mīkini pelu ʻēheu me ka BA.Hiki ke kiʻi koke ʻia nā ʻāpana me nā mea hou.Ua helu ʻia ka pūnāwai torsion ma 1075 mJ a ua helu ʻia ka pūnāwai kaomi ma 37.24 mJ.ʻO kēia mau waiwai he 40-50% ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā haʻawina DOE ma mua.Hoʻohui ʻia ka pūnāwai i ka mīkini a nānā ʻia i ka papahana ADAMS.I ka nānā ʻana, ʻike ʻia ua wehe ʻia nā ʻēheu i loko o 74 milliseconds.Aia kēia waiwai ma lalo o ka pahuhopu o 200 milliseconds.Ma kahi haʻawina hoʻokolohua ma hope, ua ana ʻia ka manawa huli ma kahi o 90 ms.ʻO kēia ʻokoʻa 16 millisecond ma waena o nā loiloi ma muli paha o nā kumu kaiapuni i hoʻohālikelike ʻole ʻia i ka polokalamu.Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka algorithm optimization i loaʻa ma muli o ke aʻo ʻana hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā hoʻolālā puna like ʻole.
Ua koho mua ʻia ka mea puna a ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoʻololi i ka optimization.No ka mea, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano punawai like ʻole i nā mokulele a me nā rockets, e hoʻohana ʻia ʻo BA e hoʻolālā i nā ʻano punawai ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana ana i nā mea like ʻole e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻolālā puna maikaʻi loa i ka noiʻi e hiki mai ana.
Ke haʻi aku nei mākou he kumu maoli kēia manuscript, ʻaʻole i paʻi ʻia ma mua, a ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo ʻia i kēia manawa no ka paʻi ʻana ma kahi ʻē.
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