316L nā mea kūʻai aku i nā mea hoʻolako

No nā noi koi i ʻike ʻia i nā wai ʻino e like me ka wai kai a me nā hoʻonā kemika, ua huli nā mea ʻenekinia i nā alloy nickel valence kiʻekiʻe e like me Alloy 625 ma ke ʻano he koho maʻamau.Ua wehewehe ʻo Rodrigo Signorelli i ke kumu he mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā alloys nitrogen kiʻekiʻe me ka piʻi ʻana o ka corrosion.

316L nā mea kūʻai aku i nā mea hoʻolako

Ka nui o na paipu wiliwili kuhilihi

Kuhili ʻole ʻia ʻo nā paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia

Kūleʻa kila maʻemaʻe ʻole 316 / L nā nui o ka paipu i hoʻopili ʻia

Loaʻa i nā papa o nā paipu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kila kila / ʻili

ʻO ka maikaʻi a me ka hōʻoia e hoʻoholo i ke koho ʻana o nā mea no nā ʻōnaehana e like me nā plate heat exchangers (PHEs), pipelines a me nā pumps i ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea.Hōʻoia nā kikoʻī ʻenehana i ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā waiwai i ka hoʻomau ʻana o nā kaʻina hana i kahi lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maikaʻi, palekana a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni.ʻO kēia ke kumu e hoʻokomo ai nā mea hana he nui i nā nickel alloys e like me Alloy 625 i kā lākou kikoʻī a me nā kūlana.
I kēia manawa naʻe, koi ʻia nā ʻenekinia e kaupalena i nā kumukūʻai kālā, a ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o nā nickel alloys a hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia i nā loli kumukūʻai.Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia ma Malaki 2022 i ka pālua ʻana o nā kumukūʻai nickel i hoʻokahi pule ma muli o ke kālepa mākeke, e hana ana i nā poʻo.ʻOiai ʻo nā kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe ke kumu kūʻai o nā nickel alloys i ka hoʻohana ʻana, ua hoʻokumu kēia volatility i nā pilikia hoʻokele no nā ʻenekini hoʻolālā no ka mea hiki ke hoʻololi koke nā kumukūʻai i ka loaʻa kālā.
ʻO ka hopena, makemake nui nā mea hoʻolālā hoʻolālā e hoʻololi iā Alloy 625 me nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻoiai ʻike lākou hiki iā lākou ke hilinaʻi i kona ʻano.ʻO ke kī ʻo ia ka ʻike ʻana i ka alloy kūpono me ke kiʻekiʻe kūpono o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion no nā ʻōnaehana kai a hāʻawi i kahi huila e kūpono i nā waiwai mechanical.
ʻO kekahi mea kūpono ʻo EN 1.4652, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo Outokumpu's Ultra 654 SMO.Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke kila kuhili ʻole i ka corrosion ma ka honua.
ʻO Nickel Alloy 625 ka liʻiliʻi he 58% nickel, aʻo ka Ultra 654 he 22%.Loaʻa iā lāua ʻelua ka like o ka chromium a me ka molybdenum.I ka manawa like, aia ka Ultra 654 SMO i kahi liʻiliʻi o ka nitrogen, manganese a me ke keleawe, 625 alloy ka niobium a me ka titanium, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona kumukūʻai ma mua o ka nickel.
I ka manawa like, hōʻike ia i ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana ma luna o 316L stainless steel, i manaʻo pinepine ʻia ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana no nā kila kila kila.
Ma ke ʻano o ka hana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion maʻamau, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe loa i ka pitting a me ka crevice corrosion, a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka corrosion crack.Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā e pili ana i nā ʻōnaehana wai kai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kila kila ma mua o ka alloy 625 ma muli o kona kūpaʻa maikaʻi ʻana i nā kaiapuni chloride.
He ʻino loa ka wai kai ma muli o kona ʻano paʻakai o 18,000–30,000 ʻāpana o ka miliona o nā ion chloride.Hōʻike nā Chloride i kahi pōʻino kemika no nā māka kila he nui.Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā mea ola i loko o ke kai ke hana i nā biofilms e hoʻoulu ai i nā hopena electrochemical a pili i ka hana.
Me kona nickel haʻahaʻa a me ka molybdenum maʻiʻo, ʻo ka Ultra 654 SMO alloy blend e hāʻawi i ka mālama koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ma mua o ka 625 alloy kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe ma ka mālama ʻana i ka pae like o ka hana.Mālama kēia i ka 30-40% o ke kumukūʻai.
Eia kekahi, ma ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻike o nā mea alloying waiwai, ʻo ke kila kila e hōʻemi i ka hopena o ka fluctuations i ka mākeke nickel.ʻO ka hopena, hiki i nā mea hana ke hilinaʻi i ka pololei o kā lākou mau manaʻo hoʻolālā a me nā ʻōlelo.
ʻO nā waiwai mechanical o nā mea waiwai kekahi mea nui no nā ʻenekinia.ʻO nā paipu, nā mea hoʻololi wela, a me nā ʻōnaehana ʻē aʻe e kū pono i nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻano wela, a me ka haʻalulu mechanical a i ʻole ka haʻalulu.Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻia ka Ultra 654 SMO ma kēia wahi.Loaʻa ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe e like me ka alloy 625 a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā kila kila ʻē aʻe.
I ka manawa like, pono nā mea hana i nā mea formable a weldable e hāʻawi koke i ka hana a hiki ke loaʻa ma ke ʻano huahana makemake.
Ma kēia ʻano, he koho maikaʻi ka alloy no ka mea e paʻa ana ia i ka formability maikaʻi a me ka elongation maikaʻi o nā māka austenitic kuʻuna, i mea kūpono no ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā papa hoʻololi wela ikaika a māmā.
Loaʻa iā ia ka weldability maikaʻi a loaʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole me nā coils a me nā lau a hiki i 1000mm ākea a me 0.5 a 3mm a i ʻole 4 a 6mm mānoanoa.
ʻO kekahi pono kumu kūʻai ʻo ia ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka alloy ma mua o ka alloy 625 (8.0 vs. 8.5 kg/dm3).ʻOiai ʻaʻole i manaʻo nui ʻia kēia ʻokoʻa, hoʻemi ia i ka tonnage e 6%, hiki ke mālama iā ʻoe i ke kālā he nui ke kūʻai nui ʻia no nā papahana e like me nā pipeline trunk.
Ma kēia kumu, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka hale i hoʻopau ʻia, e maʻalahi i ka logistic, hāpai a hoʻouka.He mea maikaʻi loa kēia i nā noi subsea a me waho kahi i ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā ʻōnaehana kaumaha.
Hāʻawi ʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā pono āpau o Ultra 654 SMO - ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika mechanical, ka paʻa o ke kumukūʻai a me ka hiki ke hoʻolālā pololei - maopopo ka hiki ke lilo i mea hoʻokūkū hou aku i nā nickel alloys.